Classification and Diagnosis (Schizophrenia) Flashcards
Schizophrenia
Split occurs between a person’s thought processes and reality
Schizophrenia Statistics
- 1% of the world are diagnosed
Psychosis
Individual loses contact with reality
Unlike neurosis where the individual is aware that they have problems
Classification of Schizophrenia
- ICD-10
- DSM-V
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Additions to normal experiences
Hallucinations and delusions
Hallucinations
Additional sensory experiences
Seeing distorted objects that look like faces or hearing critical voices
ICD-10
International Classification of the Causes of Disease
DSM-V
For the diagnostic of SZ 2 symptoms need to present for at least a month, one being positive
Subtypes of Schizophrenia
DR CUP
Disorganised
Residual type
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
Paranoid
Delusions
Irrational beliefs about themselves or the world
Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Loss of normal experiences and abilities
Avolition and speech poverty
Avolition
A lack of purposeful, willed behaviour
No energy, sociability or attempt at personal hygiene
Speech poverty
Loss of quality and quantity of verbal responses
Secondary Symptoms of Schizophrenia
- depression
- loss of employment
- breakdown of relationships
Reliability in the diagnosis and classification of SZ
Inter-rater reliability measures if two observers agree
Validity in diagnosis and classification of SZ
Validity questions if a person has the disorder when diagnosed
Co-morbidity
Two illnesses occurring simultaneously
Could lead to an inaccurate diagnosis of SZ when it could just be a severe case of depression
Symptom overlap
Overlap of symptoms of schizophrenia and other conditions
SZ and bipolar disorder have hallucinations and delusions as positive symptoms
Gender bias in diagnosis (4)
- Men are more genetically vulnerable to developing the disorder
- Suggests the existence of gender bias in diagnosis of SZ
- Cotton et al. (2009)- female patients typically function better than male patients
- suggests the validity of the criteria are poor
Cultural Bias in diagnosis
People with Afro-Caribbean heritage in the UK are up to 9 times more likely to be diagnosed with SZ
