Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology AS > Classification And Biodiversity > Flashcards

Classification And Biodiversity Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Definition of phylogenetic

A

Reflecting evolutionary relatedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Phylogenetic method

A

Grouping closely related organisms together- may show physical similarities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Phylogenetic tree

A
  • diagram showing evolutionary descent
  • living organisms at tips of branches
  • ancestral species in the branches and trunk
  • branch points representing common ancestors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Definition of hierarchy

A

Smaller groups are components of larger ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Definition of Taxon

A

Group with system of classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is meant by taxa are discrete?

A

An organism belongs in only one Taxon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the hierarchy of biological classification?

A 
Domain
Kingdom 
Phylum 
Class
Order
Family 
Genus 
Species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Reasons for classifying

A
  • infer evolutionary relationships
  • predict characteristics when a new animal is discovered
  • easier to say
  • more useful to count families than species when describing the health of an ecosystem or rate of extinction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three domains?

A
  • Eubacteria: prokaryotes ( e.coli and salmonella)
  • Archaea: bacteria, unusual metabolism, live in marginal habitats, prokaryotes
  • Eukaryota: plantae, animalia, fungi, protoctista
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Definition of genus

A

A group of similar organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Definition of species

A

A group of organisms sharing a lot of physical features and able to interbreed to make fertile offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Definition of prokaryota

A

Microscopic

All bacteria and Cyanobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Definition of protoctista

A
  • some have one cell, major component of plankton
  • some are colonial
  • spirogyra- plant like cells
  • amoeba- animal like cells
  • euglena- characteristics of both plant and animal cells
  • some have many similar cells- seaweeds or algae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Definition of plantae

A
  • mosses, horsetails and ferns reproduce with spores

- conifers and flowering plant, which reproduce with seeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Definition of fungi

A

Yeasts- single called

Mounds- hyphae weave together to form mycelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Definition of animalia

A

35 animal phyla

Most are motile at some stage

17
Q

Definition of homologous structure

A

Similar form and developmental origin but different functions.

18
Q

Definition of divergent evolution

A

Common ancestral structure has evolved and performs different functions

19
Q

Definition of convergent evolution

A

Structures evolve similar properties but have different developmental origins

20
Q

Definition of analogous structure

A

Corresponding function and similar shape but different developmental origin

21
Q

What are the 4 ways of assessing relatedness with genetic evidence?

A
  • DNA sequences
  • DNA hybridisation
  • amino acid sequences
  • immunology
22
Q

Morphological definition of species

A

If two organisms look very similar they are likely to be in the same species
Sexual dimorphism must be taken into account- presence of manes in male lions but in females

23
Q

Reproductive definition of species

A

Two organisms in the same species can interbreed to make fertile offspring
Dissimilar organisms may have different chromosomes no or incompatible physiological

24
Q

Definition of binomial system

A

The system of giving organisms a unique name with two parts, the genus and species.

25
Q

Definition of taxonomy

A

Identification and naming of organisms

26
Q

What does taxonomy allow us to do?

A
  • discover and describe biological diversity
  • investigate evolutionary relationships
  • classify organisms to reflect evolutionary relationships
27
Q

Advantages of binomial system

A
  • unambiguous naming
  • used all over the world
  • implies species sharing a name are closely related
28
Q

Definition of biodiversity

A

The number of species and the number of each species in a specified region

29
Q

Definition of biodiversity hotspots

A

Major areas of biodiversity

Around the equator and tropics

30
Q

Impacts of reduced biodiversity

A
  • plant species provide staple foods e.g. Wheat and rice
  • medicinal drugs from plants and fungi
  • living organism provide important raw materials e.g. Rubber cotton
  • each species is unique
31
Q

Definition of natural selection

A

The gradual process in which inherited characteristics become more or less common in a population, in response to the environmental determining the breeding success of the individuals possessing those characteristics

32
Q

Definition of adaptation

A

The change in a species as a useful characteristic becomes more common

33
Q

Examples of anatomical traits

A

Stream lined body

Honey guides indicate centre of flower

34
Q

Examples of physiological traits

A

Polar bear- body temp drops to 2 degrees to use less energy

Leaves fall of trees so water is not lost in transpiration

35
Q

Examples of behavioural traits

A

Plants flower in spring when pollinating insects have emerged
Mating rituals- peacocks

36
Q

Definition of selection pressures

A

Environmental factors that affect an individual’s reproductive success

Biology AS (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions