Classification Flashcards

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1
Q

Define species

A

A group of similar organisms that can breed together to produce fertile offspring

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2
Q

How are species named

A
  • generic name (genus)

- specific name (species)

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3
Q

What does courtship behaviour enable

A
  • individuals can recognise members of their own species (to ensure fertile offspring)
  • identify a mate that is capable of breeding (to ensure partner is sexually mature and fertile)
  • form a bonding pair (ensure mating and successful raising)
  • synchronise mating (maximum probability of fertilisation)
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4
Q

Name the two forms of classification

A
  • artificial classification

- phylogenetic classification

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5
Q

What is artificial classification

A

Divides organisms according to differences that are useful at the time

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6
Q

What is phylogenetic classification

A
  • is based upon evolutionary relationships between organisms and their ancestors
  • classifies species into groups using shared features derived from their ancestors
  • arranges the groups into hierarchy in which groups are contained within larger composite groups with no overlap
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7
Q

Give an example of artificial classification

A

Dividing organisms into colour, size, number of legs

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8
Q

What is a taxon

A

A group within a phylogenetic biological classification

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9
Q

What are the 3 different domains

A
  • bacteria
  • archaea
  • eukarya
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10
Q

What features do bacteria have

A
  • the absence of membrane-bound organelles
  • unicellular
  • ribosomes are smaller 70s
  • cell walls present made of murein
  • single loop of DNA
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11
Q

What features do Archaea have

A
  • their genes and protein synthesis are more similar to eukaryotes
  • their membranes contain fatty chains attached to glycerol by ether linkages
  • no murein in cell walls
  • more complex form of RNA polymerase
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12
Q

What features do Eukarya have

A
  • their cells possess membrane bound-organelles
  • they have membranes containing fatty acid chains attracted to glycerol by ester linkages
  • ribosomes are larger 80s
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13
Q

What are the 4 kingdoms

A
  • Protoctista
  • Fungi
  • Plantae
  • Animalia
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14
Q

Name the ranks of the classification system

A
  • kingdom
  • phylum
  • class
  • order
  • family
  • genus
  • species
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