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Biology > Classification > Flashcards

Classification Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is classification? What is similiar?

A

The name given to the process by which living organisms are sorted into groups. Share similiar features.

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2
Q

What are taxonomic groups?

A

the most widely used classfication system ordered in a heirarchy

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3
Q

What are the seven groups in the classification system?

A 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
(memorise like a chant)
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4
Q

What are hierarchal classification systems also referred to as?

A

Linnean classification

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5
Q

What is the further taxon of classification?

A

Domain

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6
Q

What led to the addition of this further level?

A

Further studies into genetical material

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7
Q

Why are classification systems always changing?

A

Due to advances in scientific thinking and techniques which provide more detail into the biological and genetic make-up of organisms.

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8
Q

What is the system of naming called?

A

binomial nomenculture

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9
Q

What is binomial nomenculture?

A

the system of nomenclature in which two terms are used to denote a species of living organisms, the first one indicating the genus and the second the specific epithet.

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10
Q

What does epithet mean?

A

Title- e.g. the species in binomial nomenculture

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11
Q

Why do scientists classify organisms? (3 brief points)

A
  • to identify species
  • to predict characteristics
  • to find evolutionary links
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12
Q

Define species

A

A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

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13
Q

What are the 3 domains?

A

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

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14
Q

What makes offspring infertile?

A

Having an odd number of chromosomes, because meiosis and gamete production cannot take place correctly.

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15
Q

Why can’t meiosis and gamete production take place normally in infertile offspring?

A

Must be even number as chromosomes must pair up.

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16
Q

What is the plural of genus?

A

genera

17
Q

What is the classification of humans?

A 
Eukarya
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae (great apes ://// )
Homo
sapiens
18
Q

What is intraspecific and

interspecific variation?

A
  • Intraspecific: differences that occur within a species

- Interspecific: differences that occur between different species

19
Q

What are groups in classification called?

A

taxon

plural- taxa

20
Q

What did Carl Linneaus base his classification system upon?

A

human observation ,and limited ohysical and sexual characteristics.

21
Q

What did Carl Linneus do when clasifying humans?

A

Divided them into varieties: white, red, tawny and black

22
Q

What did Carl linneaus’ book System Naturae propose?

A

Heirarichal views based on innate moral and intellectual capacities.
Contributed to birth of scientific racism.

23
Q

What is an articficial classification system?

A

System grouping using observable characteristsics instead of phylogeny.

24
Q

What was Linneaus’ taxonomy of plants based upon?

A

Their reproductive organs.

Controversial for the church

25
Q

What is important when writing bonimial nomenculture? What is the term to describe this system?

A

italic or underlined if handwritten.

Universal

26
Q

What are the 5 recognised kingdoms? What are the 3 other debated kingdoms (2 would replace bacteria)

A

archaebacteria
eubacteria
viruses

27
Q

What is the 3-Doman classification?

A

A form of classification that used DNA, RNA and protein comparison to show phylogenic links

28
Q

What is phylogeny?

A

The study of relationships among different groups of organisms and their evolutionary development.

29
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

the science/study of classification

30
Q

What factors cause variation?

A

Genetic, environmental

31
Q

characterisstics that cause variation can be either ____ or _______

A

continuous variation

discontinuous variation

32
Q

How is discontinuous data shown graphically?

A

Most commonly shown as a bar chart with qualitative categories on the x-axis and frequency on the y-axis.

33
Q

Discontinuous variation

A
  • Characteristics that show spearate categories and classes
  • no intermediate types
  • data is qualitative (no units)
  • strong genetic influence
  • e.g. gender, shape of bacteria
34
Q

How is continuous data shown graphically? General shape?

A

Most commonly shwn as a histogram with quantitaive categories on x-axis and frequency on y-axis
- general shape is bell shaped

35
Q

Continuous variation

A
  • characterisstics that range between 2 extremes
  • graduation in values - continuum (continuous sequence)
  • data is quantitative (measured in units)
  • no types or catogories
  • strong environmental influence and if genes are involved is often polygenic
  • e.g. height, weight, mass of plants

Biology (25 decks)

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