Cell Cycle Flashcards
what is the cell cycle?
a series of events that take place as a cell grows and divides to form two daughter cells
what are the phases of the cell cycle?
Interphase (G1, S, G2) and mitosis, cytokinesis
What is interphase?
a part of the cell cycle where the cell isn’t actively dividing, but still carrying out its metabolic functions
how long does the cell stay in interphase?
90% of the time
What happens during interphase?
- cell grows and organelles replicates
- mitochondria grow and divide
- chromosomes replicted
- DNA checked for errors/damage
- chloroplasts grow and divide in plant/algal cells
- normal metabolic functions (respiration, protein synthesis)
what happens during G1?
cellular organelles duplicated
what happens during S phase?
DNA replicated
what happens during G2?
replicated DNA checked for errors and any corrections made
what does the mitotic phase include?
mitosis, cytokinesis
what is G0 and when does the cell enter it?
a state of temporary or permanent cell arrest, where the cell does not divide nor grow
- cell has been damaged
- cell has become senescent
- cell has differentiated
what are cell cycle checkpoints?
the control mechanisms of the cell
what are the three checkpoints?
G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, spindle assembly checkpoint
what happens during each checkpoint
G1 : cell size, nutrients, growth factors, DNA damage
G2: cell size, DNA damage, DNA replicated
SA: chromosomes aligned along the metaphase plate and attached to spindle fibres
what is cancer (in terms of cell cycle)?
the mutation of the genes that regulate the cell cycle
causes a tumour (checked for in lymph nodes)
how can cancer be cured (using knowledge of cell cycle)? HOW DO WE DO ALL THIS?
- interrupt protein synthesis by damaging helicase and ligase
- interrupt metaphase by damaging spindle fibers/ centrioles
- USE DRUGS
