Classical conditioning Flashcards
Classical conditioning
Kind of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to produce a response that was originally produced by a different stimulus
Learning
Relatively enduring or permanent change in behavior that results from previous experience with certain stimuli and responses
Law of effect
If some random actions are followed by a pleasurable consequences or reward, such actions are strengthened and will likely occur in the future
Operant conditioning
A kind of learning in which consequences that follow some behavior increase or decrease the likelihood of that behavior’s occurrence in the future
Cognitive behavior
A kind of learning that involves mental processes, such as attention and memory; may be learned through observation or imitation
Unconditioned stimulus(ucs)
Some stimulus that causes a sensory response, such as being seen, heard, or smelled, but does not produce the reflex being tested
Unconditioned response (ucr)
Unlearned, involuntary physiological reflex that is elicited by the unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned stimulus (cs)
A formerly neutral stimulus that has acquired the ability to elicit a response that was previously elicited by the unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned response (cr)
Elicited by the conditioned stimulus, is similar to, but not identical in size or amount to, the unconditioned response
Generalization
Tendency for a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response
Extinction
A procedure in which a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus and, as a result, the conditioned stimulus tends to no longer elicit the conditioned response
Discrimination
During classical conditioning when an organism learns to make a particular response to some stimuli but not to others
Spontaneous recovery
A tendency for the conditioned response to reappear after being extinguished even through there have been no further conditioning trials
Adaptive value
The usefulness of certain abilities or traits that have rn loved in animals and humans that tend to increase their chances of survival, such as finding food, acquiring mates, and avoiding pain and injury
Taste aversion
associating a particular sensory cue with getting sick and thereafter avoiding that particular sensory cue in the future
Preparedness
To the phenomenon that animals and Humans are biologically prepared to associate some combinations of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli more easily than others
Conditioned emotional response
A feeling some positive or negative emotion, such as happiness, fear, or anxiety when experiencing a stimulus that initially accompanied a pleasant or painful event
Stimulus substitution
A neutral bond or association forms between the neutral stimulus (tone) and unconditioned stimulus (food). The neutral stimulus becomes the unconditioned response and it produces the same affect as it where the original unconditioned stimulus
Cognitive perspective
An organism learns a predictable relationship between two stimuli such that the occurrence of one stimuli predict the occurrence of another
Cognitive theory
Classical conditioning occurs because two stimuli are paired close in time
Anticipatory nausea
Feelings of nausea that are elicited by stimuli associated with nausea inducing chemotherapy treatments
Systematic desensitization
A procedure on which a person imagines fearful stimuli and then immediately uses deep relaxation to overcome the anxiety
