Classical Flashcards
Where was Haydn born?
Rohrau, Austria
Describe Hayden’s early life
Regular family, father was a wheel wright, mother was a cook
Talents recognized as a child, became choirboy at st Stephens in Vienna
Porpora only teacher, otherwise self taught
Describe Haydns employment
Freelance musician in Vienna teaching, composing, accompanying, gaining patrons
Kapellmeister to a count and composed his first symphony
Haydn dates
1732-1809
1761 Haydn began employment where
Esterhazy family in Eisenstadt
what were some of Haydns duties at the Esterhazy estate
eventually became Kapellmeister, supplied all music for court opera house, theatre and chapel
When did Haydn begin employment with Esterhazy estate and where
1761, Eisenstadt
while employed at esterhazy estate Haydn discovered…
his artistic voice and started to explore symphony, opera and string quartet composing
Who was Haydn friends with
Mozart, dedicated string quartets to eachother
who hired haydn for a series of concerts and where
Salomon, London
who did Haydn teach in Vienna
Beethoven
what award did haydn receive
honorary doctorate from oxford university
what was performed when Haydn died
1809, mozartss requiem was performed at his funeral service
what genres did Haydn compose for
104 symphonies- "London", "Surprise" String quartets - "Quinten" Oratorios- "The Creation", "The Seasons" operas- "Armida" piano sonatas concertos-piano, violin, etc. novelties - marionette theater works.
name an opera by Haydn
Armida
name a symphony by haydn
London Symphony
name an oratorio by Haydn
The Creation
Beethoven dates
1770-1827
Where was Beethoven born?
Bonn, Germany
did Beethoven come from a musical family?
Yes, his grandfather was Kapellmeister, his father was a singer and instrumentalist
Who did Beethoven study with?
Composition with Neefe
What work did Beethoven do in bonn?
organist and violinist in court orchestras
Did Beethoven study with Mozart?
he traveled to Vienna to study with Mozart but his mother got sick and he had to return home
What hardship did Beethoven have as a teenager?
He became financially responsible for his brothers while he was a teen
Who did Beethoven study with in Vienna?
Haydn, dedicated his first 3 piano sonatas to him
Name three patrons Beethoven attracted
Russians: Lobkowitz, Lochnowsky, Rasumovsky
what are some cities Beethoven played solo concerts in ?
Prague, Dresden, Leipzig, Berlin
What hardships did Beethoven face in his twenties?
He began to lose his hearing, he contemplated suicide- wrote heiligenstadt to his brothers
What moto did Beethoven believe in ?
the moto of the French revolution- liberte, egalite, fraternite
who did Beethoven dedicate a symphony to but then later remove the dedication?
Napoleon, he admired him but they grew disillusioned and he removed his name from the dedication of Symphony no 3 Eroica
Describe beethovens final years
became totally deaf, lived in isolation and became withdrawn and anti-social
Describe Beethovens musical contributions
developed sonata, concerto and symphony
transformed virtually every genre he touched
replaced minuet and trio with scherzo (sym no 5)
used cyclical structure (sym no 5)
included chorus and soloists in the symphony (sym no 9)
incorporated new instrumentation- piccolo, trombone, contrabassoon
What instruments did Beethoven use for the first time
piccolo, trombone, contrabassoon
What genres did Beethoven write for
solo piano, ex Sonata Pathetique, Moonlight Sonata
9 symphonies- Eroica (no 3), pastoral (no 6) Choral (no 9)
concertos- emperor piano concerto
orchestral works
chamber music
vocal works
opera: Fidelio
Describe Beethovens musical style
Bold innovator, highly original
transforming genres
explosive accents, dynamic contrasts
thematic material often grows out of short, incisive motives
wrote based on programmatic elements -(sym no 6, moonlight sonata)
Describe Beethovens Early Period
and name a composition from this period
1782-1802
classical style traits, inherited from Haydn and Mozart ex Sonata form
Symphonies 1&2, first 10 piano sonatas
Describe Beethovens Middle period
and name a composition from this period
1803-1815
Displays more romantic elements, ex chromaticism, unusual modulations
symphonies 3-8, Fidelio, emperor piano concerto
describe Beethovens Late period
and name a composition from this period
1816-1827
more abstract and meditative
used counterpoint, including fugal writing- Baroque quality
Symphony no. 9- Choral
Mozart dates:
1756-1791
Where was Mozart born?
Salzburg, Austria
Did Mozart have a musical family
His father was a highly esteemed violinist, court musician, and composer
Describe Mozart early life
Child prodigy.
Virtuoso harpsichordist, piano, organ, violin and composer
Toured with his father performing, often with his sister maria anna
What did Mozart receive in Italy?
Two diplomas from the academia filharmonica
What happened to Mozart in 1778
His mother died on tour with him in Paris
What did Mozart do in 1781
Moved to Vienna
When did Mozart move to Vienna?
1781
Who did Mozart become friends with?
Haydn, they dedicated several string quartets to each other
Who is Mozart wife?
Constanze Weber -opera singer
How many children did Mozart have?
6 only 2 survived.
what was Mozart of member of?
joined the Order of Freemasons secret society
what happened to Mozart in 1786
successful premiere of Marriage of Figaro
when did marriage of Figaro premiere
1786
who is the librettist of marriage of figaro
Lorenzo da ponte
who impressed Mozart?
young Beethoven ,in 1787
when did Mozart see Beethoven perform?
1787
mozarts musical contributions:
explored, advanced and developed virtually all classical genres
contributed to the development of sonata form
contributed to establishment of 3 movement concerto structure
contributed to three main types of opera: opera seria, operea buffa, singspiel
Mozarts musical style:
Viennese classical ideals: elegance, balance, refinement, sophistication
used mainly symmetrical phrase structures (seen in his sonatas)
balanced diatonic and chromatic elements
influenced by Manheim orchestra, expanded use of wind instruments
name an opera seria by mozart
idomeneo (Italian opera)
name an opera buffa by mozart
the Marriage of Figaro (Italian comic opera)
name a singspiel by Mozart
The magic flute (german comic opera)
who is Ludwig van kochel
catalogued mozarts works
what genres did Mozart compose for?
symphonies- ie Jupiter concertos-piano, violin, oboe... chamber music: string quartets, trios, quintets, serenades-ie eine kleine nachtmusik solo piano: sonatas, fantasias operas: don Giovanni vocal works ie requiem mass
Quinten 4th movement- Haydn genre date key form tempo time sig
string quartet 1797 D minor- ends in D major sonata form vivace assai 2/4
quinten 4th mvmnt
Exposition
1st theme- violin, p pronounced syncopation and unexpected fermatas arrest th forward drive joyful, upbeat, yet dark in a minor key bridge secon theme- relative major, F major descending sequence, double stop thirds, descending leaps abrupt dynamic changes codetta- supportd by tonic pedal point
quinten 4th mvmnt
development
based on second theme.
shifts from homophonic to polyphonic with imitation
dominant preparation- first violins outline dim 7th chord
quinten 4th movement
recapitulation
theme 1 returns in d minor but shifts unexpectedly to D major
everything restated in D major
cello is absent towards the end, creating more open, airy sound
coda- rapid triplets, ends with unison arpeggios played FF
Eine Kleine Nachtmusik
date
genre
performing forces
1787
Serenade for strings
double string quartet or string orchestra
Eine Kleine 1st movement key tempo time form
g major
allegro
4/4
sonata form
eine kleine 1st movement
describe the exposition
opens with the famous, recognizable rocket theme
1st THEME melody line has a homophonic texture.
BRIDGE modulates into D major
2ND THEME contrasts the first theme with piano dynamic. features triplets. second part features repeated staccato eighth note figure.
CODETTA all instruments briefly play I unison again, perfect cadence in Dmajor
eine kleine 1st movement
describe the development
short,
shifts into C major.
eine kleine 1st movement
describe the recapitulation
begins exactly the same as the exposition. But second theme is now in the tonic key G major
CODA similar to the codetta of the exposition but grows further.
eine kleine second movement key form tempo time
C major
rondo form (ABACA)(with coda)
andante
Cut time
eine kleine second movement
describe each section
lyrical, and elegant.
shows mozarts balance with clear cut cadences and 4 measure phrases (rounded binary within this section)
B SECTION
more rhythmically acive, embellished melodic line
C SECTION
moves to C minor
imitative dialogue in outer voices, with repeated sixteenth notes in the inner voices
CODA
based on A section material
gentle close
eine kleine 3rd mvment key form tempo time signature
G major
ABA (menuet and trio)
allegretto
3/4
eine kleine 3rd movement
describe the menuet
again, mozart uses 4 measure phrases
robus character, F
dance like quality created through rhythmic accentuation
eine kleine 3rd movement
describe the trio
D major
marked sotto voce, more lyrical than the menuet with legato lines
more chromatic inflections than the menuet
eine kleine 4th movement key form tempo time
G major
sonata-rondo
allegro
C time
eine klein3 4th movement
describe the two theme
first theme: light hearted, opens with a rocket theme
second theme: downward turn of minor sixth, uses some chromatic embellishments
