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Music History 1 > Classical > Flashcards

Classical Flashcards

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1
Q

Where was Haydn born?

A

Rohrau, Austria

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2
Q

Describe Hayden’s early life

A

Regular family, father was a wheel wright, mother was a cook

Talents recognized as a child, became choirboy at st Stephens in Vienna
Porpora only teacher, otherwise self taught

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3
Q

Describe Haydns employment

A

Freelance musician in Vienna teaching, composing, accompanying, gaining patrons
Kapellmeister to a count and composed his first symphony

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4
Q

Haydn dates

A

1732-1809

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5
Q

1761 Haydn began employment where

A

Esterhazy family in Eisenstadt

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6
Q

what were some of Haydns duties at the Esterhazy estate

A

eventually became Kapellmeister, supplied all music for court opera house, theatre and chapel

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7
Q

When did Haydn begin employment with Esterhazy estate and where

A

1761, Eisenstadt

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8
Q

while employed at esterhazy estate Haydn discovered…

A

his artistic voice and started to explore symphony, opera and string quartet composing

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9
Q

Who was Haydn friends with

A

Mozart, dedicated string quartets to eachother

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10
Q

who hired haydn for a series of concerts and where

A

Salomon, London

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11
Q

who did Haydn teach in Vienna

A

Beethoven

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12
Q

what award did haydn receive

A

honorary doctorate from oxford university

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13
Q

what was performed when Haydn died

A

1809, mozartss requiem was performed at his funeral service

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14
Q

what genres did Haydn compose for

A 
104 symphonies- "London", "Surprise"
String quartets - "Quinten"
Oratorios- "The Creation", "The Seasons"
operas- "Armida"
piano sonatas
concertos-piano, violin, etc.
novelties - marionette theater works.
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15
Q

name an opera by Haydn

A

Armida

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16
Q

name a symphony by haydn

A

London Symphony

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17
Q

name an oratorio by Haydn

A

The Creation

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18
Q

Beethoven dates

A

1770-1827

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19
Q

Where was Beethoven born?

A

Bonn, Germany

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20
Q

did Beethoven come from a musical family?

A

Yes, his grandfather was Kapellmeister, his father was a singer and instrumentalist

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21
Q

Who did Beethoven study with?

A

Composition with Neefe

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22
Q

What work did Beethoven do in bonn?

A

organist and violinist in court orchestras

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23
Q

Did Beethoven study with Mozart?

A

he traveled to Vienna to study with Mozart but his mother got sick and he had to return home

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24
Q

What hardship did Beethoven have as a teenager?

A

He became financially responsible for his brothers while he was a teen

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25
Q

Who did Beethoven study with in Vienna?

A

Haydn, dedicated his first 3 piano sonatas to him

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26
Q

Name three patrons Beethoven attracted

A

Russians: Lobkowitz, Lochnowsky, Rasumovsky

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27
Q

what are some cities Beethoven played solo concerts in ?

A

Prague, Dresden, Leipzig, Berlin

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28
Q

What hardships did Beethoven face in his twenties?

A

He began to lose his hearing, he contemplated suicide- wrote heiligenstadt to his brothers

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29
Q

What moto did Beethoven believe in ?

A

the moto of the French revolution- liberte, egalite, fraternite

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30
Q

who did Beethoven dedicate a symphony to but then later remove the dedication?

A

Napoleon, he admired him but they grew disillusioned and he removed his name from the dedication of Symphony no 3 Eroica

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31
Q

Describe beethovens final years

A

became totally deaf, lived in isolation and became withdrawn and anti-social

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32
Q

Describe Beethovens musical contributions

A

developed sonata, concerto and symphony
transformed virtually every genre he touched
replaced minuet and trio with scherzo (sym no 5)
used cyclical structure (sym no 5)
included chorus and soloists in the symphony (sym no 9)
incorporated new instrumentation- piccolo, trombone, contrabassoon

33
Q

What instruments did Beethoven use for the first time

A

piccolo, trombone, contrabassoon

34
Q

What genres did Beethoven write for

A

solo piano, ex Sonata Pathetique, Moonlight Sonata
9 symphonies- Eroica (no 3), pastoral (no 6) Choral (no 9)
concertos- emperor piano concerto
orchestral works
chamber music
vocal works
opera: Fidelio

35
Q

Describe Beethovens musical style

A

Bold innovator, highly original
transforming genres
explosive accents, dynamic contrasts
thematic material often grows out of short, incisive motives
wrote based on programmatic elements -(sym no 6, moonlight sonata)

36
Q

Describe Beethovens Early Period

and name a composition from this period

A

1782-1802
classical style traits, inherited from Haydn and Mozart ex Sonata form
Symphonies 1&2, first 10 piano sonatas

37
Q

Describe Beethovens Middle period

and name a composition from this period

A

1803-1815
Displays more romantic elements, ex chromaticism, unusual modulations
symphonies 3-8, Fidelio, emperor piano concerto

38
Q

describe Beethovens Late period

and name a composition from this period

A

1816-1827
more abstract and meditative
used counterpoint, including fugal writing- Baroque quality
Symphony no. 9- Choral

39
Q

Mozart dates:

A

1756-1791

40
Q

Where was Mozart born?

A

Salzburg, Austria

41
Q

Did Mozart have a musical family

A

His father was a highly esteemed violinist, court musician, and composer

42
Q

Describe Mozart early life

A

Child prodigy.
Virtuoso harpsichordist, piano, organ, violin and composer
Toured with his father performing, often with his sister maria anna

43
Q

What did Mozart receive in Italy?

A

Two diplomas from the academia filharmonica

44
Q

What happened to Mozart in 1778

A

His mother died on tour with him in Paris

45
Q

What did Mozart do in 1781

A

Moved to Vienna

46
Q

When did Mozart move to Vienna?

A

1781

47
Q

Who did Mozart become friends with?

A

Haydn, they dedicated several string quartets to each other

48
Q

Who is Mozart wife?

A

Constanze Weber -opera singer

49
Q

How many children did Mozart have?

A

6 only 2 survived.

50
Q

what was Mozart of member of?

A

joined the Order of Freemasons secret society

51
Q

what happened to Mozart in 1786

A

successful premiere of Marriage of Figaro

52
Q

when did marriage of Figaro premiere

A

1786

53
Q

who is the librettist of marriage of figaro

A

Lorenzo da ponte

54
Q

who impressed Mozart?

A

young Beethoven ,in 1787

55
Q

when did Mozart see Beethoven perform?

A

1787

56
Q

mozarts musical contributions:

A

explored, advanced and developed virtually all classical genres
contributed to the development of sonata form
contributed to establishment of 3 movement concerto structure
contributed to three main types of opera: opera seria, operea buffa, singspiel

57
Q

Mozarts musical style:

A

Viennese classical ideals: elegance, balance, refinement, sophistication
used mainly symmetrical phrase structures (seen in his sonatas)
balanced diatonic and chromatic elements
influenced by Manheim orchestra, expanded use of wind instruments

58
Q

name an opera seria by mozart

A

idomeneo (Italian opera)

59
Q

name an opera buffa by mozart

A

the Marriage of Figaro (Italian comic opera)

60
Q

name a singspiel by Mozart

A

The magic flute (german comic opera)

61
Q

who is Ludwig van kochel

A

catalogued mozarts works

62
Q

what genres did Mozart compose for?

A 
symphonies- ie Jupiter
concertos-piano, violin, oboe...
chamber music: string quartets, trios, quintets, serenades-ie eine kleine nachtmusik
solo piano: sonatas, fantasias
operas: don Giovanni
vocal works ie requiem mass
63
Q 
Quinten 4th movement- Haydn
genre
date
key
form
tempo
time sig
A 
string quartet
1797
D minor- ends in D major
sonata form
vivace assai
2/4
64
Q

quinten 4th mvmnt

Exposition

A 
1st theme- violin, p
pronounced syncopation and unexpected fermatas arrest th forward drive
joyful, upbeat, yet dark in a minor key
bridge
secon theme- relative major, F major
descending sequence, double stop thirds, descending leaps
abrupt dynamic changes
codetta- supportd by tonic pedal point
65
Q

quinten 4th mvmnt

development

A

based on second theme.
shifts from homophonic to polyphonic with imitation
dominant preparation- first violins outline dim 7th chord

66
Q

quinten 4th movement

recapitulation

A

theme 1 returns in d minor but shifts unexpectedly to D major
everything restated in D major
cello is absent towards the end, creating more open, airy sound
coda- rapid triplets, ends with unison arpeggios played FF

67
Q

Eine Kleine Nachtmusik
date
genre
performing forces

A

1787
Serenade for strings
double string quartet or string orchestra

68
Q 
Eine Kleine
1st movement
key
tempo
time
form
A

g major
allegro
4/4
sonata form

69
Q

eine kleine 1st movement

describe the exposition

A

opens with the famous, recognizable rocket theme
1st THEME melody line has a homophonic texture.
BRIDGE modulates into D major
2ND THEME contrasts the first theme with piano dynamic. features triplets. second part features repeated staccato eighth note figure.
CODETTA all instruments briefly play I unison again, perfect cadence in Dmajor

70
Q

eine kleine 1st movement

describe the development

A

short,

shifts into C major.

71
Q

eine kleine 1st movement

describe the recapitulation

A

begins exactly the same as the exposition. But second theme is now in the tonic key G major
CODA similar to the codetta of the exposition but grows further.

72
Q 
eine kleine second movement
key
form
tempo
time
A

C major
rondo form (ABACA)(with coda)
andante
Cut time

73
Q

eine kleine second movement

describe each section

A

lyrical, and elegant.
shows mozarts balance with clear cut cadences and 4 measure phrases (rounded binary within this section)
B SECTION
more rhythmically acive, embellished melodic line
C SECTION
moves to C minor
imitative dialogue in outer voices, with repeated sixteenth notes in the inner voices
CODA
based on A section material
gentle close

74
Q 
eine kleine 3rd mvment
key
form
tempo
time signature
A

G major
ABA (menuet and trio)
allegretto
3/4

75
Q

eine kleine 3rd movement

describe the menuet

A

again, mozart uses 4 measure phrases
robus character, F
dance like quality created through rhythmic accentuation

76
Q

eine kleine 3rd movement

describe the trio

A

D major
marked sotto voce, more lyrical than the menuet with legato lines
more chromatic inflections than the menuet

77
Q 
eine kleine 4th movement
key
form
tempo
time
A

G major
sonata-rondo
allegro
C time

78
Q

eine klein3 4th movement

describe the two theme

A

first theme: light hearted, opens with a rocket theme

second theme: downward turn of minor sixth, uses some chromatic embellishments

Music History 1 (7 decks)

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