Classic Treatments Flashcards
1
Q
Acute gout attack tx
A
NSAIDs, colcichicine, glucocorticoids
2
Q
APML tx
A
ATRA
3
Q
ADHD tx
A
Methylphenidate, CBT, atomoxetine
4
Q
Alcoholism tx
A
Disulfarim, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care
5
Q
Alcohol withdrawal tx
A
Long-acting benzos
6
Q
Anorexia tx
A
Nutrition, pyschotherapy, mirtazapine
7
Q
Anticoagulation during pregnancy
A
LMWH
8
Q
Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue tx
A
Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexilitine)
-more selective for damaged myocardium
“Lettuce, Tomato, Mayo”
9
Q
B12 deficiency tx
A
B12
10
Q
BPH tx
A
a1-antagonists (tamsulosin)
5a-reductase inhibitors (finasteride)
PDE-5 inhibitors
11
Q
Bipolar disorder tx
A
Lithium, Valproic acid, carbamazepine (mood stabilizers)
Atypical antipsychotics (risperidone)
12
Q
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women tx
A
Aromatase inhibitor
13
Q
Buerger disease tx
A
Smoking cessation
14
Q
Bullimia nervosa tx
A
SSRIs
15
Q
Candida albicans tx
A
Nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin (oral)
Fluconazole, caspofungin, ampho-B (systemic)
Topical azoles (for vaginitis)
16
Q
Carcinoid syndrome tx
A
Octreotide
17
Q
Chlamydia trachomatis tx
A
Doxycycline + ceftriaxone for concurrent gonorrhea
-Erythromycin eye drops for prophylaxis in infants
18
Q
Chronic gout tx
A
Allopurinol, febuxostat (xanthine oxidase inhibitors)
19
Q
HBV, HCV tx
A
IFN-a for both
ribavirin for HCV
20
Q
CML tx
A
Imatinib; a BCR-ABL inhibitor
-Assoc. w/ fluid retention
21
Q
Clostridium botulinum tx
A
Antitoxin
22
Q
Clostridium dificile tx
A
Metronidazole; vanc if necessary
23
Q
Clostridium tetani tx
A
Antitoxin
24
Q
CMV tx
A
Ganciclovir
Foscarnet if needed
Cidofovir as last resort in HIV pts.
25
Cryptococcus neoformans tx
Corticosteroids, infliximab (TNF-a inhibitor) azathioprine
26
Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis
Mesna
27
Depression tx
SSRIs
28
DI tx
Desmopressin (central)
HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)
29
DM Type I tx
Diet, insulin replacement
30
DM Type II tx
Diet, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin if needed
31
DKA tx
Fluids, insulin, K+ ****** remember K+ is vital
32
Enterococci tx
Vancomycin, cephalosporins
33
Erectile dysfnxn tx
Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil
34
ER (+) breast cancer tx
Tamoxifen
35
Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication tx
Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)
36
H. influenzae (B) tx
Rifampin (prophylaxis)
37
GAD tx
SSRI, SNRI
Buspirone if needed
38
Granulomatosis w/ Polyangiitis
Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids
39
Heparin reversal
Protamine sulfate
40
HER2/neu (+) breast cancer
Trastuzumab
41
Hyperaldosteronism tx
Spironolactone
42
Absence seizure tx
Ethosuximide
43
Hypercholesterolemia tx
Statins
44
Hypertriglyceridemia tx
Fibrates
45
Immediate anticoagulation
Heparin
46
Infertility tx
Leuporlide, Pulsatile GnRH, clomiphene (prevents negative feedback of E2 on hypothalamus)
47
Kawasaki disease tx
IVIG; high dose aspirin
48
Legionellea pneumophila tx
Macrolides (azithromycin)
49
Long-term anticoagulation
Warfarin, dabigatran, riaroxaban, apixaban
50
Malaria tx
Chloroquine, mefloquine
- Atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizonts)
- Primaquine for liver hypnozoites (P. vivax)
51
Malignant hyperthermia tx
Dantrolene
52
Migraine tx
Sumatriptans
Prophylaxis= topiramate, CCBs, amitryptiline, propanolol
53
MS tx
B-interferon, natalizumab (anti-a4-integrin)
54
TB tx
RIPE
55
N. gonorrheae tx
Ceftriaxone + azithromycin/doxycline (tx for concurrent chlamydia)
56
Neural tube defect prevention tx
Prenatal folic acid
57
Osteomalacia/Rickets tx
Vitamin D supplementation
58
Osteoporosis tx
Calcium/Vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis)
*Bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, calcitonin, denosumab (anti-RANKL)
59
Patent Ductus Arteriosus tx
Indomethacin
60
Pheochromocytoma tx
a-antagonists (phenoxybenzamine)
61
PCP
Bactrim (prophylaxis needed for AIDS pts.)
62
Prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroids tx
Leuprolide, continuous GnRH
63
Prolactinoma tx
Bromocriptine, Cabergoline
-Dopamine agonist
64
P. aeruginosa tx
Piperacillin
AGCs
Carbapenems (cefepime)
FQNs (EXCEPT MOXIFLOXACIN)
65
Pulmonary artery HTN tx
Sildenafil
Bosentan
Epoprostenol
66
Rickettsia rickettsi tx
Doxycycline
Chloramphenicol
67
Schizophrenia (negative sx.) tx
Atypical antipsychotics
| Risperidone, Olanzapine, Clozapine
68
Schizophrenia tx (positive sx)
Typical and atypical antipsychotics
69
SIADH tx
Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline
***Demeclocycline
Conivaptan/tolvaptan
70
SCD tx
Hydroxyurea (increases HbF)
71
Sporothrix scheneckii tx
Itraconazole, oral KI
72
S. aureus tx
MSSA: Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin
MRSA: Vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline
73
Streptococcus bovis tx
Penicillin prophylaxis
-Evaluate for colon cancer if present
74
S. pyogenes tx
Penicillin prophylaxis
75
Temporal arteritis
High-dose steroids
76
Tonic-clonic seizure tx
Levetiracem
Phenytoin
Valproate
Carbamazepine
77
Toxoplasma gondii tx
Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
78
Trichinomas vaginalis tx
Metronidazole
79
Treponema pallidum tx
Penicillin
80
Trigeminal neuralgia tx
Carbamazepine
81
Ulcerative colitis tx
6-MP
Infliximab
Colectomy
82
UTI prophylaxis
Bactrim
83
Warfarin reversal
FFP (acute)
Vitamin K (chronic)
84
MS
IFN-b
85
Chronic granulomatous disease
IFN-y
86
ITP tx
IVIG
Splenectomy (removes source of Abs and site of platelet destruction)
87
Calcium oxalate Tx
HCTZ
88
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy Tx
Duloxetine
89
Pneumoconiosis with increased TB risk
Silicosis
-produces fibrotic nodules in the upper lobes of the lung and impairs phagolysosome formation in macros
90
Pneumoconiosis that has the same patholologic findings as sarcoidosis
Berryliosis
-Kickass jobs
91
Shortened 4th and 5th digits
Pseudohypoparathyroidism, patients are also short
- defunct Gs stimulatory pathway
- increased PTH with Hypocalcemia
92
DOC for Strep pharyngitis
Penicillin V
93
Tx for Osteopetrosis
BM transplant (osteoclasts are derived from monocytes)
94
2 complications of Paget's
Osteosarcoma
High-output cardiac failure
-due to formation of AV shunts in bone
95
MCC of osteomyelitis in IV drug abuser
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
96
Hawthorne effect
The idea that subjects change their behavior when they know they're being observed
-Can keep subjects in the dark but this poses an ethical concern
97
Drug that increases the QT interval but does not have a risk of TORSADES du pointes
Amiodarone
98
Berger disease
IgA nephropathy; causes MESANGIAL deposition of IgA following a mucosal infxn
99
Types of crescentic Glomerulonephritis
Linear: Goodpasture's (hematuria and hemoptysis)
Granular: Usually subepithelial, includes PSGN, SLE
Negative: includes ANCA pos diseases
100
Lentigo maligna melanoma
Radial growth; good prognosis
101
Nodular melanoma
Early vertical growth
BAD
102
Acral Lentiginous
Classically arises on the palms and soles
Typically in black people
Not actually related to UV exposure
103
Raltegravir
HIV integrase inhibitor that ultimately ️Inhibits the transcription HIV RNA
104
Bed wetting Tx.
Desmopressin
Second line= imipramine
105
Night terror/sleepwalking Tx
Benzos
106
Delta EEG waves
Lowest frequency wave form assoc. With deepest non-REM sleep
Assoc. With sleepwalking, night terrors, and bed walking
107
Beta EEG waves
Assoc. With alert wakefulness and REM sleep
Will also see loss of motor tone and increase in brain O2 use
108
SOD1 mutation
Zinc copper superoxide Dismutase mutation that is present in some familial forms of ALS
-usually a sporadic disease tho
109
Most susceptible part of the brain to ischemia
Pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus
110
Pale infarct of the brain
Thrombotic stroke
111
Hemorrhagic infarct of the brain
Embolic infarct; usually from the LA
-Usually involves the MCA
112
NT that excites the adrenal medulla
Ach
113
Citalopram
⭐️SSRI
-Note the extra "R"
114
Amiodarone ADRs
Cardiac: QT prolongation, USUALLY no torsades (but possible)
Endocrine: Hypo/hyperthyroidism
GI: Hepatitis (increased transaminases)
Ocular: Optic neuropathy, corneal deposits
Dermatologic: Blue-gray skin discoloration
Neurologic: Peripheral neuropathy
Pulmonary: Interstitial pneumonitis
115
Methimazole
Drug that inhibits the coupling of iodothyronine residues
ADRs: AGRANULOCYTOSIS; is also a teratogen
-What do you use in pregnant women that also causes hepatotoxicity?
116
Citalopram
SSRI
117
Site of greatest airway resistance in the lungs
The medium-sized bronchi
118
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
Occurs in women who rapidly lose weight
***Decreased leptin causes decreased hypothalamic activation
-Decreased GnrRH, FSH, LH
119
Suppurative Parotitis
Infxn (usually S. aureus) of the parotid glands; presents w/ pre/post-auricular swelling, dysphagia, fever, chills
RFs: Obstruction (calculi)
Intubation
Dehydration
Drugs (anti-cholinergics)
*Hyperamylasia also present
120
Theophylline ADRs
Cardiotoxicity and Seizure
121
Achondroplasia
(AD) FGFR3 activating mutation of the chondrocytes ultimately leading to inhibition and decreased endochondral ossification
122
H. Pylori Tx
PPIs
Amoxicillin
Clarithromycin
123
Malassezia furfur Tx
Selenium sulfide
-Common in hot, humid environments and infants with IVS
124
Onychomosis Tx
Terbinafine
125
False positive VDRL
Viral hepatitis and mono
Drugs
RA
Lupus
126
Erlenmeyer flask femur
Gaucher's
Niemann-Picks
Osteopetrosis
Hemoglobinopathies
127
Garlic odor to breath
Arsenic poisoning
-consumption of pesticides commonly
Will also see vomiting and diarrhea acutely
Tx: Dimercaprol
