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FA Rapid Review > Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

andidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

antihistone antibodies

A

drug-induced SLE (hydralizine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)

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5
Q

anti-IgG antibodies

A

rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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6
Q

antimitochondrial antibodies

A

primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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7
Q

antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)

A

microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA)
granulomatosis with polyangiitis/Wegener’s granulomatosis (PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

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8
Q

antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

antiplatelet antibodies

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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10
Q

anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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11
Q

anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

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12
Q

“apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

colorectal cancer (usually L sided)

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13
Q

azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic M3 type)

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14
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A)
Resistant:: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

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15
Q

“Bamboo spine” on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis, associated with HLA-B27)

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16
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or functional asplenia)

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17
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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18
Q

bloody tap on LP

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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19
Q

“boot-shaped” heart on x-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (children)

RVH (adults)

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20
Q

branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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21
Q

bronchiogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor

can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome

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22
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica

deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color

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23
Q

cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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24
Q

cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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25
Q

“chocolate cyst” of ovary

A

endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

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26
Q

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

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27
Q

colonies of mucoid-producing Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis

AR mutation in CFTR gene –> fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucus plugs

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28
Q

decreased AFP in amnoitic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

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29
Q

degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphillis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns + lateral corticospinal tracts affected)

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30
Q

degeneration of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

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31
Q

desquamated epithelial casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucous plugs)

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32
Q

disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies

granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary

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33
Q

dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV)

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34
Q

enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“Owl eye” appearance of CMV

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35
Q

Enlarged thryoid cells with ground-glass nuclei

A

“Orphan Annie” nuclei

papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

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36
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)

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37
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (Parkinson disease)

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38
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

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39
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells

A

Negri bodies of rabies

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40
Q

extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of the brain

A

senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

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41
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

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42
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

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43
Q

“Hair on end” (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray

A

B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

44
Q

hCG elevated

A

choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole, multiple pregnancy

45
Q

heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

46
Q

heterophile antibodies

A

infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

47
Q

hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

bronchial asthma

Charcot-Leyden crystals, eosinophilic granules

48
Q

high level of D-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

49
Q

hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (primary Tb, Mycobacterium bacilli)

50
Q

“honeycomb lung” on x-ray or CT

A

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

51
Q

hypercoagulability leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis

A

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of the pancreas or lung)

52
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic sx, folate deficiency: no neurologic sx)

53
Q

HTN, hypokalema, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn syndrome (aldosterone producing adenoma)

54
Q

hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal Hgb sometimes present)

55
Q

increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

56
Q

increased uric acid levels

A

gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

57
Q

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

58
Q

iron-containing nodules in alveolar sputum

A

ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased risk of mesothelioma)

59
Q

keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

squamous cell carcinoma

60
Q

large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

61
Q

“lead pipe” appearance of colon on barium x-ray

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

62
Q

linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane

A

Goodpasture syndrome

63
Q

lower serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

64
Q

“lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunoflourescence

A

poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)

65
Q

lytic (“hole punched”) bone lesions on x-ray

A

multiple myeloma

66
Q

mammary gland (“blue domed “) cyst

A

fibrocystic change of the breast

67
Q

monoclonal antibody spike

A
  • Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
  • monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging)
  • Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
  • primary amyloidosis
68
Q

mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

“signet ring”

gastric carcinoma

69
Q

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

“string sign”

Crohn disease

70
Q

necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A 
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener, PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)
Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
71
Q

needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

gout

monosodium urate crystals

72
Q

nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

73
Q

Novobiocin response

A

sensitive: staphylococcus epidermidis
resistant: staphylococcus saphrophyticus

74
Q

“nutmeg” appearance of liver

A

chronic passive congestion of liver due to R heart failure

75
Q

“onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma (malignant round cell tumor)

76
Q

optochin response

A

sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae
resistant: viridans Streptococci

77
Q

periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman’s triangle on x-ray

osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis

78
Q

podocyte fusion or “effacement” on electron microscopy

A

minimal change disease

child with nephrotic syndrome

79
Q

polished, “ivory like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis

80
Q

protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)

81
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

meningioma
papillary thyroid carcinoma
mesothelioma
papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

82
Q

pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

glioblastoma multiforme

83
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

acute glomerulonephritis

84
Q

rectangular, crystal-like cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

85
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

acute toxic/viral renal injury

86
Q

rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

87
Q

rib notching

A

coarctation of the aorta

88
Q

ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS

A

toxoplasma gondii

primary CNS lymphoma

89
Q

sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages (“starry sky” histology)

A

Burkitt lymphoma
t(8,14) –> c-myc activation
associated with EBV
“black sky” made up of malignant cells

90
Q

sliver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies

Pick disease: progressive dementia + changes in personality

91
Q

“soap bubble” in femur or tibia on xray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

92
Q

“spikes” on basement membrane, “dome-like” subepithelial deposits

A

membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

93
Q

stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

94
Q

stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

“clue cells” (Gardnerella vaginalis)

95
Q

“tennis racket”-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules
Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X
eosinophilic granuloma

96
Q

thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn - arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs

97
Q

“thumb sign” on lateral x-ray

A

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

98
Q

thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

99
Q

“tram-track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

100
Q

triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

101
Q

“waxy” casts with very low urine flow

A

chronic end-stage renal disease

102
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

acute pyelonephritis

103
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

104
Q

“wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

Lupus nephropathy

105
Q

yellowish CSF

A

xanthochromia (e.g. due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

FA Rapid Review (6 decks)

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