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Step 1 > Classic Laboratory Findings > Flashcards

Classic Laboratory Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Elevated AFP in maternal serum or amniotic fluid

A

Dating error, NTDs

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2
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

CREST scleroderma

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3
Q

Anti-desmoglein antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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4
Q

Anti-GBM

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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5
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug induced lupus (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide, associate with slow acetylators)

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6
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (IgM against IgG is RF)

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7
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

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8
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)

A

C anca/PR3-ANCA - Wegners
MPO-ANCA with granulomas - Churg Strauss
MPO-ANCA without granulomas - PSC

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9
Q

ANA, Anti smith, Anti DSDNA

A

SLE (Type III hypersensitivity)

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10
Q

Antiplatet antibodies

A

Indiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

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11
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

Anti-TTG, Anti-gliadin, anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease

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13
Q

“Apple core lesions” on barium enema x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer

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14
Q

Atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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15
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML)

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16
Q

Bacitracin sensitive

A

S pyogenes

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17
Q

Bacitracin resistant

A

S agalactiae

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18
Q

“Bamboo spine”

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

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19
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howel Jolly Bodies (Asplenia)

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20
Q

Basophilic stippling in RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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21
Q

Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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22
Q

“Boot shaped” heart

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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23
Q

Branching gram + rods with sulfur granule

A

Actinomyces israelii

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24
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (May cause horner syndrome by impinging on cervical sympathetic ganglia)

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25
Q

Brown tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (hemosidering due to hemorrhage give the brown color)

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26
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease

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27
Q

Cellular crescents in bowman capsule

A

Rapidly progressing glomerularnephritis

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28
Q

“chocolate cyst” in ovary

A

Endometriosis

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29
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medduloblastoma)

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30
Q

Colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis

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31
Q

Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid

A

Chromosomal abnormalities

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32
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

Tabes dorsalis, subacute combined degeneration.

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33
Q

“Delta wave” on EKG, sort PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia

A

WPW

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34
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinsons disease

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35
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchiolar asthma), may also be associated with whiled mucous plugs

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36
Q

Disarryed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of ovaries)

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37
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with “rasinoid” nuclei and hyperchromisia

A

Koilocytes (HPV)

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38
Q

Electrical alternans

A

Pericardial tamponade

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39
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

Owl Eye appearance of CMV

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40
Q

Enlarge thyroid cells ith ground-glass nuclei with central clearing

A

Orphan annie cells (papillary thyroid carcinoma)

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41
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory body (alcoholic cirrhosis)

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42
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplsmic inclusion in neuron

A

Lewy Body (Parkinson and LBD)

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43
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Concilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever)

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44
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

A

Negri bodies of rabies

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45
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimers dementia)

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46
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions

A

Reed sternberg cells (Hodgkins lymphoma)

47
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

48
Q

“Hair on end” appearance on xray

A

B-thalassemia or sickle cell disease

49
Q

hCG elevated

A

Choricarcinoma, hydatidiform mole, pregnancy

50
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (Rheumatic fever)

51
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

Infectious Mononucleosis

52
Q

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (charcot leyden crystals)

53
Q

Elevated D dimer

A

DVT, DIC, PE

54
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesions in middle or lower lung lobes

A

Ghon complex (Primary TB)

55
Q

“HOneycomb lung” on x-ray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

56
Q

Hypercoagulability leading to migrating vasculitis

A

Trousseaus sign (Pancreatic or lung adenocarcinoma)

57
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia due to B12 deficiency if neurologic symptoms present or folate if no neurologic symptoms are present

58
Q

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Hyperaldosteronism

59
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalasemia.

60
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV and VZV)

61
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)

62
Q

Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

63
Q

Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak Higashi (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

64
Q

Lead pip appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

A

Ulcerative colitis (due to loss of haustra)

65
Q

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basemant membranes

A

Goodpasture syndrome

66
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilsons disease

67
Q

“lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunoflourescence

A

PSGN

68
Q

Lytic bone lesions on Xray

A

Multiple myeloma (or bony mets)

69
Q

Mammary gland cyst

A

Fibrocystic change

70
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A

MM if IgG or IgA
MGUS if no associate with “CRAB” symptoms
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia if IgM
Primary amyloidosis (K:L ratio greater than 20)

71
Q

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nuclus

A

“signet ring” (gastric carcinoma or krukenburg tumor)

72
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on Barium xray

A

String sign of crohns disease

73
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis of lungs and necrotizing glomerularnephritis

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (cANCA) or goodpasture syndrome (antiGBM)

74
Q

Needle shaped negatively birefringent crystals

A

Gout

75
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelsteil wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

76
Q

Novobiocin sensitive

A

S epidermidis

77
Q

Novobiocin resisitant

A

S saprophyticus

78
Q

Nutmeg liver

A

Budd chiari syndrome, right heart failure

79
Q

Onion skin periosteal reactions

A

Ewing sarcoma (11:22 translocation)

80
Q

Optochin sensitive

A

S Pneumoniae

81
Q

Optochin resistant

A

S viridans

82
Q

Podocyte effacement on electron microscopy

A

Minimal change disease

83
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of TAU protein

A

Alzheimers Tau tangles

84
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Meningioma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium and ovary

85
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

86
Q

Raised periosteum “codmans triangle”

A

Osteosarcoma

87
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Glomerulonephritis

88
Q

Rectangular, crystal like, cytoplasmic inclusion in leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (leydig cell tumor)

89
Q

REcurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

90
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Intrinsic renal failure

91
Q

Rhomboid crystals with positive birefringence

A

pseudogout

92
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

93
Q

Ring enhancing brain lesions on CT/MRI in Aids

A

Toxoplasma gondii, Primary CNS lymphoma

94
Q

Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale tingible body-landen macrophages (starry sky)

A

Burkitts Lymphoma (14:18 translocation), activates CMYC, associated with EBV

95
Q

Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Picks disease)

96
Q

“Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on Xray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

97
Q

“Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome like” subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous nephropathy

98
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR or Multiple myeloma)

99
Q

“Steeple sign”

A

Croup (Parainfluenza virus)

100
Q

Bacteria-covered vaginal epithelial cells

A

Clue cells (Gardnerella vaginalis)

101
Q

Strptococcus bovis bacteremia

A

Indicative of possible colon cancer

102
Q

“Tennis rackt” shaped cytoplasmic organelles in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (Langerans cell histiocytosis)

103
Q

Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

A

FAP (mutation of APC)

104
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of zahn (signals thrombus formation when patient was alive)

105
Q

Thumb sign on lateral neck xray

A

Epiglotitis (HiB)

106
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

107
Q

“Tram-track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

MPGN

108
Q

Triblyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease

109
Q

Increased uric acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch nyan, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

110
Q

“Waxy casts” low urine volume

A

Chromic end stage renal disease

111
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

112
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL

113
Q

“Wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

DPGN (associated with lupus)

114
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia due to subarachnoid hemorrhage

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