Classic Laboratory Findings Flashcards
1
Q
Elevated AFP in maternal serum or amniotic fluid
A
Dating error, NTDs
2
Q
Anticentromere antibodies
A
CREST scleroderma
3
Q
Anti-desmoglein antibodies
A
Pemphigus vulgaris
4
Q
Anti-GBM
A
Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
5
Q
Antihistone antibodies
A
Drug induced lupus (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide, associate with slow acetylators)
6
Q
Anti-IgG antibodies
A
Rheumatoid arthritis (IgM against IgG is RF)
7
Q
Antimitochondrial antibodies
A
Primary biliary cirrhosis
8
Q
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)
A
C anca/PR3-ANCA - Wegners
MPO-ANCA with granulomas - Churg Strauss
MPO-ANCA without granulomas - PSC
9
Q
ANA, Anti smith, Anti DSDNA
A
SLE (Type III hypersensitivity)
10
Q
Antiplatet antibodies
A
Indiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
11
Q
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
12
Q
Anti-TTG, Anti-gliadin, anti-endomysial antibodies
A
Celiac disease
13
Q
“Apple core lesions” on barium enema x-ray
A
Colorectal cancer
14
Q
Atypical lymphocytes
A
EBV
15
Q
Azurophilic peroxidase granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
Auer rods (AML)
16
Q
Bacitracin sensitive
A
S pyogenes
17
Q
Bacitracin resistant
A
S agalactiae
18
Q
“Bamboo spine”
A
Ankylosing spondylitis
19
Q
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howel Jolly Bodies (Asplenia)
20
Q
Basophilic stippling in RBCs
A
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
21
Q
Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture
A
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
22
Q
“Boot shaped” heart
A
Tetralogy of Fallot
23
Q
Branching gram + rods with sulfur granule
A
Actinomyces israelii
24
Q
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
Pancoast tumor (May cause horner syndrome by impinging on cervical sympathetic ganglia)
25
Brown tumor of bone
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (hemosidering due to hemorrhage give the brown color)
26
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chagas disease
27
Cellular crescents in bowman capsule
Rapidly progressing glomerularnephritis
28
"chocolate cyst" in ovary
Endometriosis
29
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medduloblastoma)
30
Colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis
31
Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid
Chromosomal abnormalities
32
Degeneration of dorsal column fibers
Tabes dorsalis, subacute combined degeneration.
33
"Delta wave" on EKG, sort PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia
WPW
34
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinsons disease
35
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchiolar asthma), may also be associated with whiled mucous plugs
36
Disarryed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of ovaries)
37
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with "rasinoid" nuclei and hyperchromisia
Koilocytes (HPV)
38
Electrical alternans
Pericardial tamponade
39
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
Owl Eye appearance of CMV
40
Enlarge thyroid cells ith ground-glass nuclei with central clearing
Orphan annie cells (papillary thyroid carcinoma)
41
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory body (alcoholic cirrhosis)
42
Eosinophilic cytoplsmic inclusion in neuron
Lewy Body (Parkinson and LBD)
43
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Concilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever)
44
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons
Negri bodies of rabies
45
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimers dementia)
46
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions
Reed sternberg cells (Hodgkins lymphoma)
47
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
48
"Hair on end" appearance on xray
B-thalassemia or sickle cell disease
49
hCG elevated
Choricarcinoma, hydatidiform mole, pregnancy
50
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (Rheumatic fever)
51
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious Mononucleosis
52
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (charcot leyden crystals)
53
Elevated D dimer
DVT, DIC, PE
54
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesions in middle or lower lung lobes
Ghon complex (Primary TB)
55
"HOneycomb lung" on x-ray or CT
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
56
Hypercoagulability leading to migrating vasculitis
Trousseaus sign (Pancreatic or lung adenocarcinoma)
57
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia due to B12 deficiency if neurologic symptoms present or folate if no neurologic symptoms are present
58
Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Hyperaldosteronism
59
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalasemia.
60
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV and VZV)
61
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)
62
Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
63
Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak Higashi (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
64
Lead pip appearance of colon on abdominal imaging
Ulcerative colitis (due to loss of haustra)
65
Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basemant membranes
Goodpasture syndrome
66
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilsons disease
67
"lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunoflourescence
PSGN
68
Lytic bone lesions on Xray
Multiple myeloma (or bony mets)
69
Mammary gland cyst
Fibrocystic change
70
Monoclonal antibody spike
MM if IgG or IgA
MGUS if no associate with "CRAB" symptoms
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia if IgM
Primary amyloidosis (K:L ratio greater than 20)
71
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nuclus
"signet ring" (gastric carcinoma or krukenburg tumor)
72
Narrowing of bowel lumen on Barium xray
String sign of crohns disease
73
Necrotizing vasculitis of lungs and necrotizing glomerularnephritis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (cANCA) or goodpasture syndrome (antiGBM)
74
Needle shaped negatively birefringent crystals
Gout
75
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelsteil wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
76
Novobiocin sensitive
S epidermidis
77
Novobiocin resisitant
S saprophyticus
78
Nutmeg liver
Budd chiari syndrome, right heart failure
79
Onion skin periosteal reactions
Ewing sarcoma (11:22 translocation)
80
Optochin sensitive
S Pneumoniae
81
Optochin resistant
S viridans
82
Podocyte effacement on electron microscopy
Minimal change disease
83
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of TAU protein
Alzheimers Tau tangles
84
Psammoma bodies
Meningioma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium and ovary
85
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
86
Raised periosteum "codmans triangle"
Osteosarcoma
87
RBC casts in urine
Glomerulonephritis
88
Rectangular, crystal like, cytoplasmic inclusion in leydig cells
Reinke crystals (leydig cell tumor)
89
REcurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
90
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Intrinsic renal failure
91
Rhomboid crystals with positive birefringence
pseudogout
92
Rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta
93
Ring enhancing brain lesions on CT/MRI in Aids
Toxoplasma gondii, Primary CNS lymphoma
94
Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale tingible body-landen macrophages (starry sky)
Burkitts Lymphoma (14:18 translocation), activates CMYC, associated with EBV
95
Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Picks disease)
96
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on Xray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
97
"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous nephropathy
98
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR or Multiple myeloma)
99
"Steeple sign"
Croup (Parainfluenza virus)
100
Bacteria-covered vaginal epithelial cells
Clue cells (Gardnerella vaginalis)
101
Strptococcus bovis bacteremia
Indicative of possible colon cancer
102
"Tennis rackt" shaped cytoplasmic organelles in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (Langerans cell histiocytosis)
103
Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy
FAP (mutation of APC)
104
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of zahn (signals thrombus formation when patient was alive)
105
Thumb sign on lateral neck xray
Epiglotitis (HiB)
106
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic pyelonephritis
107
"Tram-track" appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
MPGN
108
Triblyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease
109
Increased uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch nyan, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
110
"Waxy casts" low urine volume
Chromic end stage renal disease
111
WBC casts in urine
Acute pyelonephritis
112
WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL
113
"Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
DPGN (associated with lupus)
114
Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia due to subarachnoid hemorrhage
