Class Six Flashcards

1
Q

speed of light in vacuum

A

c = 3 x 108 m/s

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2
Q

lowest frequency & longest wavelength

A

red

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3
Q

highest frequency & shortest wavelength

A

violet

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4
Q

law of reflection

A

angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence

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5
Q

what does an index of refraction tell us

A

how much slower light travels through that media than through empty space

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6
Q

index of refraction formula

A

speed of light in vacuum / speed of light in medium

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7
Q

the index of refraction is never..

A

less than 1

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8
Q

law of refraction (Snell’s law)

A

n1sin∅1 = n2sin∅2

n1 is the refractive index of the medium that the incidence ray travels through

n2 is the refractive index of the medium that the refracted ray travels through

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9
Q

if the transmitting medium has a higher index of refraction than the incident medium..

A

the ray will bend toward the normal

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10
Q

it the transmitting medium has a lower index of refraction than the incident medium..

A

the ray will bend away from the normal

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11
Q

total internal reflection

A

all of the incident ray’s energy will be reflected back into its original medium → no refracted ray

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12
Q

critical angle for total internal reflection

A

sin∅crit = n1/n2

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13
Q

diffraction

A

redistribution of a wave’s intensity when they encounter an obstruction

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14
Q

dispersion

A

variation in wave speed for different frequencies

(only light waves, not EM waves)

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15
Q

what is a mirror

A

a surface that forms an image of an object by reflecting light

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16
Q

plane mirror

A

normal mirror

image will be the same size and same distance from the mirror

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17
Q

2 types of curved mirrors

A

concave and convex

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18
Q

real vs virtual images

A

real: light rays actually focus at the position of the image
virtual: light rays don’t actually focus at the apparent location of the image

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19
Q

mirror (and lens) equation

A

1/o + 1/i = 1/f

o = object’s distance from the mirror

i = image’s distance from the mirror

f = focal length

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20
Q

positive value for i means..

A

the image is infront of the mirror → real

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21
Q

negative value for i means..

A

the image is behind the mirror → virtual

22
Q

magnification equation

A

m = - (i/o)

23
Q

if m is positive..

A

the image is upright

24
Q

if m is negative..

A

the image is inverted

25
real images are ____ and virtual images are \_\_\_\_\_
inverted upright
26
focal length of a concave mirror is written as a ____ number
positive
27
focal length of a convex mirror is written as a _____ number
negative
28
concave mirrors can only create..
real and virtual images
29
convex mirror can only create ____ images
virtual
30
focal length is half of..
radius of curvature
31
what does a lens do
forms an image of an object by refracting light
32
converging lens
thicker in the middle refract light rays that are parallel to the axis toward the focal point on the other side
33
diverging lens
thinner in the middle refract light rays that are parallel to the axis away from the focal point infront of the lens
34
focal length of a converging mirror is written as a ____ number
positive
35
focal length of a diverging lens is written as a ____ number
negative
36
concave lens is the same as a…
diverging lens
37
convex lens is the same as a…
converging lens
38
concave/convex mirror/lens neg/pos
concave mirror = f is positive concave lens = f is negative convex mirror = f is negative convex lens = f is positive
39
lens power
a lens with a short focal length refracts more light → greater power lens with a longer focal length refracts less light → lower power
40
lens power formula
P = 1/f f in meters
41
how to correct myopia
diverging lens (concave)
42
correcting hyperopia/presbyopia
converging (convex) lens
43
quantization of angular momentum
mvr = nh/2∏
44
energy level of a hydrogen atom
E = -13.6 eV / n2
45
Pauli exclusion principle
each atomic orbital can hold 2 electrons of opposite spin
46
photoelectric effect
emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation, such as light, hits a material
47
work function
the binding energy of the metal for its surface electrons
48
what is stopping voltage
voltage difference required to stop electrons from moving between plates and creating a current
49
Heisenberg uncertainty relation equation
50
total internal reflection for light can only happen with..
a transition from a higher to lower index medium
51
if index of refraction increases..
speed decreases
52
only ____ waves can be polarized
transverse