Class Six

Question 1

speed of light in vacuum

Answer 1

c = 3 x 10⁸ m/s

Question 2

lowest frequency & longest wavelength

Answer 2

red

Question 3

highest frequency & shortest wavelength

Answer 3

violet

Question 4

law of reflection

Answer 4

angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence

Question 5

what does an index of refraction tell us

Answer 5

how much slower light travels through that media than through empty space

Question 6

index of refraction formula

Answer 6

speed of light in vacuum / speed of light in medium

Question 7

the index of refraction is never..

Answer 7

less than 1

Question 8

law of refraction (Snell’s law)

Answer 8

n₁sin∅₁ = n₂sin∅₂

n₁ is the refractive index of the medium that the incidence ray travels through

n₂ is the refractive index of the medium that the refracted ray travels through

Question 9

if the transmitting medium has a higher index of refraction than the incident medium..

Answer 9

the ray will bend toward the normal

Question 10

it the transmitting medium has a lower index of refraction than the incident medium..

Answer 10

the ray will bend away from the normal

Question 11

total internal reflection

Answer 11

all of the incident ray’s energy will be reflected back into its original medium → no refracted ray

Question 12

critical angle for total internal reflection

Answer 12

sin∅_crit = n₁/n₂

Question 13

diffraction

Answer 13

redistribution of a wave’s intensity when they encounter an obstruction

Question 14

dispersion

Answer 14

variation in wave speed for different frequencies

(only light waves, not EM waves)

Question 15

what is a mirror

Answer 15

a surface that forms an image of an object by reflecting light

Question 16

plane mirror

Answer 16

normal mirror

image will be the same size and same distance from the mirror

Question 17

2 types of curved mirrors

Answer 17

concave and convex

Question 18

real vs virtual images

Answer 18

real: light rays actually focus at the position of the image
virtual: light rays don’t actually focus at the apparent location of the image

Question 19

mirror (and lens) equation

Answer 19

1/o + 1/i = 1/f

o = object’s distance from the mirror

i = image’s distance from the mirror

f = focal length

Question 20

positive value for i means..

Answer 20

the image is infront of the mirror → real

Question 21

negative value for i means..

Answer 21

the image is behind the mirror → virtual

Question 22

magnification equation

Answer 22

m = - (i/o)

Question 23

if m is positive..

Answer 23

the image is upright

Question 24

if m is negative..

Answer 24

the image is inverted

Question 25

real images are ____ and virtual images are _____

Answer 25

inverted

upright

Question 26

focal length of a concave mirror is written as a ____ number

Answer 26

positive

Question 27

focal length of a convex mirror is written as a _____ number

Answer 27

negative

Question 28

concave mirrors can only create..

Answer 28

real and virtual images

Question 29

convex mirror can only create ____ images

Answer 29

virtual

Question 30

focal length is half of..

Answer 30

radius of curvature

Question 31

what does a lens do

Answer 31

forms an image of an object by refracting light

Question 32

converging lens

Answer 32

thicker in the middle

refract light rays that are parallel to the axis toward the focal point on the other side

Question 33

diverging lens

Answer 33

thinner in the middle

refract light rays that are parallel to the axis away from the focal point infront of the lens

Question 34

focal length of a converging mirror is written as a ____ number

Answer 34

positive

Question 35

focal length of a diverging lens is written as a ____ number

Answer 35

negative

Question 36

concave lens is the same as a…

Answer 36

diverging lens

Question 37

convex lens is the same as a…

Answer 37

converging lens

Question 38

concave/convex mirror/lens neg/pos

Answer 38

concave mirror = f is positive

concave lens = f is negative

convex mirror = f is negative

convex lens = f is positive

Question 39

lens power

Answer 39

a lens with a short focal length refracts more light → greater power

lens with a longer focal length refracts less light → lower power

Question 40

lens power formula

Answer 40

P = 1/f

f in meters

Question 41

how to correct myopia

Answer 41

diverging lens (concave)

Question 42

correcting hyperopia/presbyopia

Answer 42

converging (convex) lens

Question 43

quantization of angular momentum

Answer 43

mvr = nh/2∏

Question 44

energy level of a hydrogen atom

Answer 44

E = -13.6 eV / n²

Question 45

Pauli exclusion principle

Answer 45

each atomic orbital can hold 2 electrons of opposite spin

Question 46

photoelectric effect

Answer 46

emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation, such as light, hits a material

Question 47

work function

Answer 47

the binding energy of the metal for its surface electrons

Question 48

what is stopping voltage

Answer 48

voltage difference required to stop electrons from moving between plates and creating a current

Question 49

Heisenberg uncertainty relation equation

Answer 49

Question 50

total internal reflection for light can only happen with..

Answer 50

a transition from a higher to lower index medium

Question 51

if index of refraction increases..

Answer 51

speed decreases

Question 52

only ____ waves can be polarized

Answer 52

transverse