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Physics - MCAT > Class Five > Flashcards

Class Five Flashcards

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1
Q

what is direct current

A

current flows in one direction

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2
Q

what is alternating current

A

when the direction of current changes → electrons are constantly shuttling back + forth

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3
Q

RMS voltage formula

A

V max / √2

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4
Q

magnetic fields are created by..

A

moving electric charges aka electric current

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5
Q

magnetic force formula

A

FB = q(v x B)

v = velocity of charge

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6
Q

magnitude of magnetic force equation

A

FB = qvBsin∅

∅ = angle between v and B

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7
Q

when do you use the right hand rule

A

when q is positive

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8
Q

what is the right hand rule

A

point your thumb at direction of velocity

point fingers at direction of B

and so the direction of FB will be perpendicular to your palm

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9
Q

ammeters must be connected in..

A

series

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10
Q

voltmeters must be connected in..

A

parallel

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11
Q

what is periodic/harmonic motion

A

any motion that regularly repeats

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12
Q

what is a period

A

time it takes an object to move through one full cycle of motion

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13
Q

what is frequency

A

the number of cycles that occur in one second

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14
Q

period and frequency relationships

A

frequency = 1/period

period = 1/frequency

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15
Q

Hooke’s law

A

F = -kx

springs exert a force on a block that is proportional to its displacement

k = spring constant (how strong it is)

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16
Q

elastic potential energy formula

A

PEelastic = ½kx2

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17
Q

what is the amplitude

A

maximum displacement of a block from equilibrium

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18
Q

what is a mechanical wave

A

series of disturbances within a medium that transfers energy from one place to another

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19
Q

electromagnetic waves do not need..

A

a medium

20
Q

wave equation

A

v = velocity

length of a wavelength

f = frequency

21
Q

the speed of a wave is determined by the..

A

type of wave and the characteristics of the medium, not by the frequency

22
Q

when a wave passes into another medium..

A

its speed changes but its frequency does not

23
Q

wavelength is proportional to

A

wave speed

24
Q

what is interference of waves

A

when 2 or more waves are superimposed on eachother → forms a single resultant wave

25
Q

waves that are in phase with eachother

A

when crest meets crest and trough meets trough

their amplitudes add

26
Q

what happens to amplitudes to waves in phase with eachother

A

they add

27
Q

waves out of phase

A

crest meets trough

amplitudes subtract

28
Q

what happens to amplitudes of waves out of phase

A

they subtract

29
Q

if the path difference = nλ and n = 1,2,3 then..

A

the waves will be in phase and will constructively interfere

30
Q

if the path difference = (n + ½)λ, the waves will be 180 degrees out of phase and..

A

will therefore destructively interfere

31
Q

what are nodes

A

points of no displacement

32
Q

what are antinodes

A

halfway between 2 nodes

where amplitude is maximized

33
Q

standing wave wavelengths for 2 fixed ends

A

2L/n

n = harmonic number

34
Q

standing wave frequencies for 2 fixed ends formula

A

n/2L (v)

35
Q

how much work do magnetic fields do

A

zero

36
Q

transverse vs longitudinal waves

A

transerve: direction of the medium particles is perpendicular to the direction the wave travels
longitudinal: direction of the medium particles is parallel to the direction the wave travels

37
Q

sound waves are a type of..

A

longitudinal wave

38
Q

sound travels the slowest through ___ and faster through ___

A

slow: gases
fast: solids

39
Q

speed of sound depends on 2 things

A

medium’s resistance to compression and density

40
Q

why do beats occur

A

2 waves with different frequencies

41
Q

beat frequency formula

A

f1-f2

difference between the frequencies of the 2 original sound waves

42
Q

what is the intensity of a sound wave

A

the energy it transmits per second per unit area

43
Q

intensity level in decibels formula

A

10log10(I/Io)

44
Q

everytime we multiple I by 10..

A

we add 10 to B

45
Q

everytime we divide I by 10..

A

we subtract 10 from B

46
Q

Doppler effect

A

arises when a source of waves is moving relative to the detector

47
Q

Doppler effect formula

A

Physics - MCAT (6 decks)

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