Class sides

Question 1

Two basic process by which neurons infleunce behaviour of post synaptic cell

Answer 1

Axonal conduction - action potential travels down neuron

Synaptic transmission - info carried cross gap between neuron and post synaptic cell

Question 2

Axonal conduction alterations

Answer 2

Altering synaptic transmission, only a few drugs alter axonal conduction (local anesthetics)

Question 3

Drugs that alter synaptic tranmission

Answer 3

Can produce effects more more selective than axonal conduction drugs (axonal drugs are not very selective)

Question 4

5 steps of drugs altering at the synapse

Answer 4

Transmitter synthesis, storage, release
Receptor binding
Termination of transmission

Question 5

Termination of transmission ending

Answer 5

Reuptake, enzymatic degradation, diffusion

Question 6

PNS includes

Answer 6

Parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 7

3 principle functions of ANS

Answer 7

Regulate the heart
Regulate the secretory glands
Regulate smooth muscles

Question 8

Parasympathetic 7 functions

Answer 8

Slow heart
Increase gastric secretions
Empty bladder
Empty bowel
Focus eye for near vision
Constricting pupil
Contracting the bronchial smooth muscle

Question 9

Three main functions of sympathetic nervous system

Answer 9

Cardo - blood flow to brain, resditrubting blood, compensating for blood loss
Body temp - blood flow to skin, secretion of sweat, induces piloerectin
Fight or flight - increasing heart rate and bp, shunting blood from skin and viscera, dilating bronchi and pupils, mobilize stored energy

Question 10

Parasympathetic

Answer 10

Two neurons in pathway from spinal cord to parasympafibers. Synapse between within a structure called ganglion (mass of nerve cell bodies
Neurons that go from spinal cord to parasympa ganglia are called preganglionic neurons

Question 11

Parasympa nervous two main sites for drug action

Answer 11

Between pre and post ganglionic neurons

Junctions between postganglionic neurons and effector organs

Question 12

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 12

Sympa nervous system employ two neurons in pathway from spinal cord to organ, junctions also located in ganglia

Question 13

Adrenal medulla

Answer 13

Drugs may also act on following areas, between pre and post ganglionic neurons. Junctions between postganglionic neurons and effector organs

Question 14

ACh released by

Answer 14

ALL pregang in PNS
ALL pregang in SNS
ALL POSTgang in PNS
All motor in SMS (somatic motor system)
Most postgang in SNS innervate sweat glands

Question 15

Epi released by

Answer 15

Adrenal medulla

Question 16

Norepi released by

Answer 16

all postganglionic of the SNS except those that innervate sweat glands

Question 17

2 basic types of receptors in PNS

Answer 17

Cholinergic receptors - mediate responses to acetylcholine

Adrenergic - mediate responses to epi and nor epi

Question 18

3 chol subtypes

Answer 18

Nicotinic N
Nicotinic M
Muscarinic
All ACH, but produce different effects

Question 19

Nicotinic M

Answer 19

Activation causes contraction of skeletal muscle

Question 20

Nicotinic N

Answer 20

Activation of this receptor causes ganglionic transmission at all ganglia of SNS and PNS. Promotes release of epi from adrenal medulla

Question 21

Muscarinic activation causes

Answer 21

Increased gland secretions, contraction of smooth muscle in bronchi and GI, slowing of heart, miosis, dilation of blood vessels, relaxation of urinary bladder

Question 22

A1

Answer 22

Eyes, blood vessels, male sex organs, prostatic capsule, and bladder

Question 23

Activation of A1

Answer 23

Mydriasis (pupil dilation)
Vasoconstriction
Ejaculation (contraction of prostatic capsule)

Question 24

A2 receptors

Answer 24

Located on nerve terminals and not o