Class Hexapoda

Question 1

Wings in hexapoda

Answer 1

Large folds in the exoskeleton composes of two sheets of cuticle with stiff supportive veins. The wings move up and down and forward and backward in a figure eight patterns. Most insects can fold the wings.

Question 2

Jointed appendages in hexapoda

Answer 2

Five sections to each leg with joints between each section-gives the leg the ability to move in different directions , the leg consists of a flexible cuticle

Question 3

Eyes in hexapoda

Answer 3

They can have single and compound eyes.
Compound eyes: cornea composed of many individual lenses
Ommitidia: take light from surrounding (the more ommatidia = more pixels)

Question 4

Sensory receptors in hexapoda

Answer 4

Smell: They have an acute sense of smell which helps them to find mates, locate food, avoid predators, and even gather in groups. Most of its sense organs Are on antennae.
Hearing: they hear through vibrations of air, detect sound through tympanum can be located on the body of the insect or on their legs
Taste: taste receptors sometimes are located on mouthparts, antennae , feet and edge of wings.

Question 5

Insect mouthparts

Answer 5

Maxillae: help taste and manipulate food.
Labium: has a variaty of functions depending on the species of insect
Mandibles : bites off food and passes them into the mouth

Question 6

Chewing un insects

Answer 6

Labrum: a cover which may be loosely referred to as the “upper lip”
Mandibles: hard, powerful cutting jaws
Maxillae:(pincers) less powerful than mandibles. They Are used to manipulate food and they have a five segmented palp which is sensory and often concerned with taste.
Labium: the lower cover, often referred to as the “lower lip”

Question 7

Piercing-sucking in insects

Answer 7

Mandibles and maxillae modified (resemble needle)

The slender needle/like stylet pierces plant or animal and the suck up fluid.

Question 8

Lapping & sponging in insects

Answer 8

Labrum with labial lobes- like a sponge, mops up liquid

No mandibles

Question 9

Siphoning in insects

Answer 9

Feeding tube is uncoiled and extended to suck liquids into the mouth.
Mandibles = absent
Maxillae: modified into sucking proboscis
Pharyngeal muscles pump up fluid

Question 10

Tracheal respiratory system

Answer 10

System independent of circulatory system , tubes across body in which O2 can enter, water loss through spiracle (the biggest found on the thorax) , spiracles-tracheae-tracheoles

Question 11

Circulatory system in hexapoda

Answer 11

They have an open circulatory system , dorsal blood goes from head to abdomen, perforations in heart wall (ostia) allow blood to enter the hearts from body cavity

Question 12

Nervous system in hexapoda

Answer 12

Subesophageal: motor control & mouthparts
Thoracic ganglia: flight, walking and vocalization.
Abdominal ganglia: respiration, circulation, reproduction

Question 13

Excretory system in hexapoda

Answer 13

Malpighian tubules remove nitrogenous wastes from the blood and deposit the wastes into digestive tract.

Question 14

Metamorphosis in hexapoda

Answer 14

Homometabolous(butterflies ) : each stage of life cycle is morphologically different, larva and adult may have different food sources and habitat.
Hemimetabolous( grasshoppers) : gradual change in appereance , they go through various nymphal stages (instars) before they undergo a final molt into their adult form.

Question 15

Social insects

Answer 15

Abate a common nest site, cooporate in caring for the young, division if labor, overlap of generations in the one colony.

Question 16

Insect characteristic

Answer 16

Three body regions:
Head- one pair of antennae , compound eyes , mouthparts.
Thoraxic- three pair of legs(jointed and uniramous) , most have two pairs of wings.
Abdomen- reproductive , digestive, respiratory structures