Class difference in achievement- (1) external factors Flashcards
Three ways mc children do better in education
- Gap greater with age
- Stay in exucation longer
- Better university places
How do Private schools contribute education gap
Average class sizes halfed Educate only 7% of children yet make up just under half of ox-bridge students
How Private schools dont contribute to education gap
Doesn’t explain gap in achievement in state schools
When does cultural deprivation begin
Early on in life
What did the center for longitudinal studies discover about cultural deprivation
Aged 3 disadvantaged children were up to a year behind their better off contempories
What do cultural deprivation sociologists argue about cd
Mosf of us learn our values attitued and skills thatre needed for educational siccess through primary socialisation in the family
Argue wc fail to socialise children properly
Thus children grow up culturally deprived
What are the four main aspects of cultural deprivation
Language
Parents
Education
Working class subcultures
What did Hubb Tait et all discover about language deprevation
Parents used harder language increased children’s school performance - challenging language by contrast less educated tend to use language that only requires them to make simple descriptive sentences
What did fienstein contribute to Hubb Taits study
Found thay educated parents more likely to use hard language
Also more likely to praise children leading them to develop competence
How do cd theorists see the wc as communicatig
Short sentences
Gestures
Who theorised about the two language codes
Bernstein
What were Bernsteins two language codes
Restricted language - typical of working class - predictable speach
Elaboraged code - typical of middle class - wider vocab grammar etc
How does an elaborated code help the middle class
Code used by scholle exams and teachers
Seen as the correct way to talk
Middle class feel more at home in class as their language code is used
What did Douglas find out?
Working class valued education less
Parents were less ambitious for their children
Visitrd school less often
Less likely to discuss school successes
What differences are there in wc and mc parenting style
Wc more harsh and inconsistent discipline
what other ways can mc parents help their children
parents’ educational behaviour - good rel with teachers go to museums egtc
use of income - books toys activities
better educated parents have more successful children
Who argues about the four barriers to success of the working class
Sugarman
What are Sugarmans 4 key features of wc subcultures that are also barriers to educational success for the working class
- Fatalism - what will be will be
- Collectivism - valuing being part of a group above individual success
- Immediate gratification - pleasure now
- Present time orientation - no long term goals
you often inherit these values from your parents
What is compensatory education
Programme aimed to tackle cultural deprevatioj by providing extra resources in deprived areas
Intervine in early socialisation
Example of compensatory education
Operation headstart
- multi billion plan 1960s
- including parenting skills nursery classes etc
- sesame street part of it
Myth of cultural deprivation
Keddie - argued wc are culturally different not culturally deprived
Facts about material deprivation
Barely 1/3 of those eligable for FSM get 5A*-C grades GCSE
Exclusion and truency more likely for wc
Almost 90% of failing schools in deprived areas
How can poor housing effect education
Overcrowding - harder to study - less room for educational activities - disturbed sleep - lack of space to play Indirect effects - health - cold and damp more absences -infections
How can poor diet and health effect education
Less vitamins - weak immune and illness
More likely to have behavioural problems
