Class difference in achievement- (1) external factors

Question 1

Three ways mc children do better in education

Answer 1

1. Gap greater with age
2. Stay in exucation longer
3. Better university places

Question 2

How do Private schools contribute education gap

Answer 2

Average class sizes halfed 
Educate only 7% of children yet make up just under half of ox-bridge students

Question 3

How Private schools dont contribute to education gap

Answer 3

Doesn’t explain gap in achievement in state schools

Question 4

When does cultural deprivation begin

Answer 4

Early on in life

Question 5

What did the center for longitudinal studies discover about cultural deprivation

Answer 5

Aged 3 disadvantaged children were up to a year behind their better off contempories

Question 6

What do cultural deprivation sociologists argue about cd

Answer 6

Mosf of us learn our values attitued and skills thatre needed for educational siccess through primary socialisation in the family
Argue wc fail to socialise children properly
Thus children grow up culturally deprived

Question 7

What are the four main aspects of cultural deprivation

Answer 7

Language
Parents
Education
Working class subcultures

Question 8

What did Hubb Tait et all discover about language deprevation

Answer 8

Parents used harder language increased children’s school performance - challenging language by contrast less educated tend to use language that only requires them to make simple descriptive sentences

Question 9

What did fienstein contribute to Hubb Taits study

Answer 9

Found thay educated parents more likely to use hard language
Also more likely to praise children leading them to develop competence

Question 10

How do cd theorists see the wc as communicatig

Answer 10

Short sentences

Gestures

Question 11

Who theorised about the two language codes

Answer 11

Bernstein

Question 12

What were Bernsteins two language codes

Answer 12

Restricted language - typical of working class - predictable speach
Elaboraged code - typical of middle class - wider vocab grammar etc

Question 13

How does an elaborated code help the middle class

Answer 13

Code used by scholle exams and teachers
Seen as the correct way to talk
Middle class feel more at home in class as their language code is used

Question 14

What did Douglas find out?

Answer 14

Working class valued education less
Parents were less ambitious for their children
Visitrd school less often
Less likely to discuss school successes

Question 15

What differences are there in wc and mc parenting style

Answer 15

Wc more harsh and inconsistent discipline

Question 16

what other ways can mc parents help their children

Answer 16

parents’ educational behaviour - good rel with teachers go to museums egtc
use of income - books toys activities
better educated parents have more successful children

Question 17

Who argues about the four barriers to success of the working class

Answer 17

Sugarman

Question 18

What are Sugarmans 4 key features of wc subcultures that are also barriers to educational success for the working class

Answer 18

1. Fatalism - what will be will be
2. Collectivism - valuing being part of a group above individual success
3. Immediate gratification - pleasure now
4. Present time orientation - no long term goals

you often inherit these values from your parents

Question 19

What is compensatory education

Answer 19

Programme aimed to tackle cultural deprevatioj by providing extra resources in deprived areas
Intervine in early socialisation

Question 20

Example of compensatory education

Answer 20

Operation headstart

• multi billion plan 1960s
• including parenting skills nursery classes etc
• sesame street part of it

Question 21

Myth of cultural deprivation

Answer 21

Keddie - argued wc are culturally different not culturally deprived

Question 22

Facts about material deprivation

Answer 22

Barely 1/3 of those eligable for FSM get 5A*-C grades GCSE
Exclusion and truency more likely for wc
Almost 90% of failing schools in deprived areas

Question 23

How can poor housing effect education

Answer 23

Overcrowding 
- harder to study
- less room for educational activities 
- disturbed sleep 
- lack of space to play
Indirect effects
- health 
- cold and damp more absences 
-infections

Question 24

How can poor diet and health effect education

Answer 24

Less vitamins - weak immune and illness

More likely to have behavioural problems

Question 25

How does fear of debt effect wc and university

Answer 25

University leads to debt
May deter wc
Jon Jackson fojnd them to be more debt adverse
Tuition fees rose to £9000 in 2012 - applicants fell by 8.6%
30% uni students wc - but they are 50% of population

Question 26

What are bordieu tree capital

Answer 26

Describes culgural capital as knowledge langauge and values of mc
Sees mc culture as capital as it gives an advantage to those possessing it
Gives wc chilfrn adv in dchool
Efucation sustem isnt neutral it transmits a dominant culture
Argues educayional economic and culture can be converted into each oher

Question 27

who tested Bourdieu’s ideas

Answer 27

Sullivan
used questionainairs to conduct survey
asked them about their activities
found that those who read complex fiction and watched documentaries developed wider range of vocap and cultural knowledge also do better at GCSE
however wehre pupils of diff classes had same level of cultural cpaital mc still did better - says the resources of mc helps them do this