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Pharmacology 2 > Class, action > Flashcards

Class, action Flashcards

1
Q

H2 (histamine 2) antagonist

A

Secretion affecting, decreases acid and pepsin in response to gastrin by blocking H2 receptor sites

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2
Q

Antacids

A

Secretion affecting, neutralizes HCl

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3
Q

PPIs (proton pump inhibitors)

A

Secretion affecting, decrease HCl at lumen

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4
Q

GI protectant

A

Secretion affecting, protects ulcer sites by adhering to them in duodenum

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5
Q

Prostaglandin

A

Secretion affecting, inhibits acid, increases bicarbonate and mucous in stomach

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6
Q

Digestive enzymes

A

Secretion affecting, replacement therapy to breakdown foods

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7
Q

Chemical stimulants

A

Motility affecting, irritate nerve plexus to increase motility starting at small intestine

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8
Q

Bulk stimulants

A

Motility affecting, increase motility by increasing feces size this increasing fluid and stretch for stimulation

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9
Q

Osmotic laxatives

A

Motility affecting, increased water in GI causing increase in motility

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10
Q

Lubricants

A

Motility affecting, increased feces viscosity
(see other cards for the 3 specific lubricants)

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11
Q

Docusate

A

Lubricant, detergent action on intestinal bolus, leads to softer stool

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12
Q

Glycerin

A

Lubricant, gentle evacuation due to softer stool from hyperosmolar effects (water pulled in), no systemic affects

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13
Q

Mineral oil

A

Lubricant, forms slippery coat on contents of intestinal tract

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14
Q

GI stimulant

A

Motility affecting, stimulates parasympathetic leading to increased GI secretions and motility

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15
Q

Antidiarrheal

A

Motility affecting, decreased motility by directly acting on GI lining

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16
Q

Phenothiazines

A

Antiemetic, suppresses CNS by stimulating medulla to decrease nausea and vomiting,
Also is an anti anxiety drug

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17
Q

Nonphenothiazine

A

Antiemetic, decreases vomiting by decreasing responsiveness in the nerve cells that induce vomiting in the CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone)

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18
Q

5-HT3 (serotonin) receptor blockers

A

Antiemetic, blocks receptor sites associated with nausea and vomiting peripherally and in CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone)

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19
Q

Substance P/Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists

A

Antiemetic, act directly in CNS to block receptors associated with nausea and vomiting

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20
Q

Dronabinol and nabilone

A

Antiemetic, contain active ingredient of cannabis

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21
Q

Hydroxyzine

A

Antiemetic, suppression of CNS cortical areas

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22
Q

Trimethobenzamide

A

Antiemetic, less sedation/CNS suppression

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23
Q

Immune stimulants

A

Interferons
Interleukins
Colony stimulating factors

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24
Q

Interferons

A

Immune stimulants, prevent virus replication, inhibit tumor growth, for cancer and warts

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25
Q

Interleukins

A

Immune stimulants, increase NK and lymphocytes to activate cellular immunity and decrease tumors

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26
Q

Colony stimulating factors

A

Immune stimulant, decrease infection in patients with bone marrow suppression, help treat blood related cancers

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27
Q

Immune suppressants

A

Immune modulators
T and B cell suppressors
Interleukin receptor antagonists
Monoclonal antibodies

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28
Q

Immune modulators

A

Immune suppressant, decrease pro inflammatory cytokines and increase anti inflammatory cytokines

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29
Q

T and B cell suppressors

A

Immune suppressant, decrease antibodies produced by B cells, decrease suppressor and helper T

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30
Q

Interleukin receptor antagonist

A

Immune suppressant, block interleukins to treat RA

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31
Q

Monoclonal antibodies

A

Immune suppressant, attach to specific receptors, disable T cells

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32
Q

Salicylates

A

Analgesic/antipyretic/anti inflammatory, decrease prostaglandin

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33
Q

NSAIDs

A

Analgesic/strong anti inflammatory/ also antipyretic, block COX-1 and COX-2 and decrease prostaglandin

34
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Antipyretic/analgesic effects/ NOT anti inflammatory, decrease prostaglandin, act on thermoregulatory cells of hypothalamus

35
Q

Gold compounds

A

Anti arthritis, absorbed by macrophages leading to decreased phagocytosis and decreased tissue destruction at joints

36
Q

DMARDs (TNF Blockers)

A

Anti arthritis, used before joint damage, decreased local effects of TNF - which is a cytokine that kills tumors and stimulates inflammation

37
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Adrenal corticoid, enter cells to bind to cytoplasmic receptors to have anti inflammatory and immuno suppressant effects- for autoimmune disorders, COPD, RA

38
Q

Mineralocorticoids

A

Adrenal corticoid, works like aldosterone, holds Na, water follow Na, water levels in body increase, K is excreted- replacement therapy for Addison

39
Q

Antitussives

A

Upper respiratory, act on medulla to decrease cough reflex

40
Q

Topical nasal decongestant

A

Upper respiratory, decreases edema and inflammation via local vasoconstriction

41
Q

Oral decongestants

A

Upper respiratory, stimulates alpha Adrenergic in nasal membrane leading to membrane shrinkage, drainage, and improved airflow

42
Q

Topical nasal steroid decongestant

A

Upper respiratory, decreased inflammation

43
Q

Antihistamines

A

Upper respiratory, decreased histamine at H1 receptor, decreasing allergic response;
Anticholinergic and antipruritic effects;
more sedation with 1st gen

44
Q

Expectorants

A

Upper respiratory, increased output of respiratory tract fluids by decreasing adhesiveness and surface tension leading to easier movement;
Less sticky = easier to cough up

45
Q

Mucolytics

A

Upper respiratory, BREAKDOWN mucous to aid high risk respiration patient cough up thick and tenacious secretions

46
Q

Xanthines

A

Bronchodilator AKA antiasthmatic/
Lower respiratory, direct effect on smooth muscle at respiratory tract in bronchi and blood vessels

47
Q

Sympathomimetics

A

Bronchodilator AKA antiasthmatic/lower respiratory, beta 2 selective Adrenergic agonists, dilate bronchi, increased respiratory rate and depth
SABA
LABA

48
Q

Anticholinergic

A

Bronchodilator AKA antiasthmatic/lower respiratory, decreased vagal effects leading to relaxed smooth muscle at bronchi

49
Q

Inhaled steroids

A

Lower respiratory, decreased inflammation in airways

50
Q

Leukotreine receptor antagonists

A

Lower respiratory, decreased leukotrine production

51
Q

Lung surfactants

A

Lower respiratory, replaces missing surfactant in neonates with RDS

52
Q

Nitrates

A

Angina, helps restore appropriate supply and demand ratio of oxygen delivery to the myocardium;
Acts directly on smooth muscle to cause relaxation and decreased muscle tone of blood vessels;
Causes vasodilation

53
Q

Beta blockers

A

Angina, block SNS leading to decrease CO and renin release, decreased blood volume and HR; vasodilation

54
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Prinzmetal angina, Inhibit Ca movement across cells of myocardial and arterial muscles; alters action potential and blocks muscle cell contraction

55
Q

Cardiac glycosides

A

For HF, increase squeeze and CO and renal perfusion and output, lowers blood volume and HR and conduction velocity through AV node;
Positive inotrope/negative chronotrope;
Increases intracellular Ca, diuretic effect and decreased renin release

56
Q

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

A

For HF, block Phosphodiesterase which leads to increased cAMP and intracellular Ca, stronger squeeze and prolonged response to SNS stimulation; directly relaxes ventricular smooth muscle

57
Q

HCN channel blockers

A

For HF, slows SA node in repolar phase to decrease work by heart

58
Q

Class 1

A

Antiarrhythmics, decreases depolarization and automaticity of ventricular cells to increase ventricular fibrillation threshold;
“Sodium channel blocker”

59
Q

Class 2

A

Antiarrhythmics, block beta to depress phase 4 of action potential to decrease HR and cardiac excitability and CO; slows conduction through AV

60
Q

Class 3

A

Antiarrhythmics, blocks K to slow outward flow of K during phase 3 to prolong phase 3

61
Q

Class 4

A

Antiarrhythmics, block Ca movement across membrane to decrease action potential and delay phase 1 and 2 of repolarization; this slows automaticity and conduction through AV node and slows HR

62
Q

Adenosine

A

Antiarrhythmics, converts SVT to sinus rhythm; stops heart temporarily

63
Q

Digoxin

A

As an antiarrhythmic, it slows Ca from leaving cell which prolongs action potential and conduction and HR

64
Q

Dronedarone

A

Antiarrhythmics, decreases risk of hospitalization in patients with AF or flutter with CVD risk factors and are in sinus rhythm

65
Q

ACE

A

RAAS BP drug, Inhibits angiotensin 1 to 2 enzyme, blocking aldosterone which leads to vasodilation and excretion of Na and water

66
Q

ARBs

A

RAAS BP drug, angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist, prevents vasoconstriction and aldosterone release

67
Q

Renin inhibitors

A

RAAS BP drugs, inhibits renin thus inhibiting RAAS, lowering BP and aldosterone and Na reabsorption

68
Q

Vasodilators

A

BP drug, directly act on smooth muscle to relax and lower BP with dilation and increasing CO

69
Q

Alpha Adrenergic blockers (non selective)

A

SNS blocking BP drugs, blocks alpha 1 leading to vasodilation and lower BP;
Alpha 2 blocker prevents NE feedback loop

70
Q

Alpha 1 blockers

A

SNS blocking BP drugs, decreases vascular tone leading to vasodilation and lower BP

71
Q

Alpha and beta (non selective)

A

SNS blocking BP drugs, blocks NE at all alpha and beta receptors in the SNS leading to decreased BP and HR and increased renal perfusion and decreased renin

72
Q

Alpha 2 agonist

A

SNS blocking BP drugs, stimulates alpha receptors in CNS and inhibits CV centers which leads to decreased sympathetic outflow from CNS thus lower BP

73
Q

Antihypotensive drugs (vasopressors)

A

BP drugs, stimulate all Adrenergic receptors in SNS leading to increased HR and contractility and increased BP and constriction and bronchodilation thus increased respiratory rates and depth

74
Q

Antiplatelet agents

A

Coagulation drug, block receptor site at platelet membrane to alter formation of plug

75
Q

Anticoagulant agents

A

Coagulant drugs, interfere with clotting cascade

76
Q

Thrombolytic agents (clot busters)

A

Coagulant drugs, activate plasminogen to plasmin leading to fibrin breaks thus dissolved clot

77
Q

Vitamin K

A

Anticoagulant adjunct, warfarin antidote

78
Q

Lepirudin

A

Anticoagulant adjunct, HIT (heparin allergic reaction) treatment

79
Q

Protamine sulfate

A

Anticoagulant adjunct, heparin antidote

80
Q

Antihemophilic

A

Coagulant drug, replaces missing factors to prevent blood loss from injury or surgery and treat bleeding disorders

81
Q

Hemostatic agents

A

Coagulant drug, systemic: prevent systemic clot breakdown to prevent blood loss; topical: for surface injuries involving so much damage to small vessels in area that clotting doesn’t occur and blood is slowly and continuously lost (road rash)

Pharmacology 2 (5 decks)

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