class 9 (interpersonal violence) Flashcards
9 types of violence
1.physical
2.sexual
3.emotional
4.psychological
5.spiritual
6.cultural
7.verbal
8.financial
9.neglect
what is physical abuse
causing physical pain/bodily harm to a person
what is sexual abuse
person forced/unwilling to participate in sexual activity
what is emotional abuse
making someone feel belittled/worthless
what is psychological abuse
using threats/coercion/causing fear to control another person
what is spiritual abuse
using someones belief to manipulate/dominate another person
what is cultural abuse
someone is harmed as a result of their own cultural beliefs
what is verbal abuse
using language to cause harm to an individual
what is financial abuse
exploiting/limiting access to funds of someone else for own personal gain
what is neglect
failure to provide basic needs of an individual
victim blaming
the vicim is often blamed for the abuse, fixing the problem does not mean shifting blame
-provide education+health promotion
3 phases in the cycle of violence
3 phases: honeymoon->tension building->acue explosion
-stages often speed up as the level of violence increases
why is breaking the cycle of violence so difficult
-honeymoon phase makes the victim feel/hope the abuse will never happen again
denial within the cycle of violence
minimizing the abuse, acting as if it did not happen, or acting as if it will never happen again
how the abuser may act during the honeymoon phase in the cycle of violence
-may take some responsibility, this gives the victim hope
-may pretend that nothing happened, the victim then thinks it wasn’t as bad as they thought
-attempt to draw the victim back
-apologize/beg
-give gifts/flowers
-declare love/cry/promise not to do it again
how the victim may respond during the honeymoon phase in the cycle of violence
-may feel guilty/agree to stay
-hide bruises/marks
-return to abuser/attempt to stop legal proceedings
-set up counseling for abuser
-feel happy/hopeful
how the abuser may act during the tension building phase in the cycle of violence
-violence often starts with an inimate object then progress to the victim
-may be moody, pitpicky, critical
-withdraws affection
-yell, drink, do drugs, threaten,detory property
-find faults in very minor things
how does the tension building phase differ from other phases in the cycle of violence
-every case is different
-may last weeks,months,days
-differs in intensity
how the victim may respond during the tension building phase
-attempts to calm partner
-nurturing
-silent talkative
-stays away from family and friends
-keeps children quiet
-agrees
-tries to reason
-feeling of walking on eggshells
-withdrawl from loved ones/social isolation
-anger that promises werent kept
how the abuser acts during the acute explosion phase in the cycle of violence
-when the abuse actually takes place, a feeling of release from the tension building phase
-physical, verbal, sexual abuse
-appears calm after incident
-abuser makes choice about the type and time of abuse-they have the power
-abuser is unrationale, blames the victim, feels out of control & wants control back
how the victim responds during acute explosion phase of cycle of violence
-protect’s self any way they ca
-police called by self, children, neighbour
-tries to calm batterer
-tries to reason
-fights
-feels trapped
-leaves
-terrified/often blames themselves
-ashamed/humiliated
what is the ecological model of violence
a combination of factors that play that influence the risk of violence, but also have an impact on resiliency
-violence happens at all levels of society, risk factors are always the same at every level
what is clare’s law (interpersonal violence disclosure protocol act)
allows people at risk to apply to get information regarding DV history about their partner
why do people choose to stay in an abusive relationship?
-never ask this question, we have no right to judge and can’t tell someone what to do
- 3 main reasons: 1.cycle of violence 2.risk of leaving vs staying 3.violence is not always a priority(children, finances, no one/where else)
-instead ask how you can support
nursing assessment for intimate partner violence
-signs of physical abuse
-sensitive to stimuli
-abuser speaks for them
-may not see anything
-appears to be in poor health
-symptoms of anxiety/depression/ptsd
-pt may be confused
long term effects of violence
-depression
-SI
-inability to trust/develop intimate relationships
-poor self-esteem
-phobias
-antisocial behaviours
-failing grades
-running away from home
-flashbacks
-potential for future spousal or child abuse
predictors of child mistreatment:
pregnant teen w/ no support, unwanted pregnancy/gender, unwanted physical disorder
soiled clothing
inadequate nutrition
inappropriate dress
unclean
age range for protection in NL, ON/AB, NS
NL: 16 or less
ON&AB: 18 or less
NS: 19 or less
types of child abuse
inadequate food/clothing/shelter/basic care
abdandonment
-brusing
injuries at different stages of healing
abdo wall injury
bite marks
petechiae
reddened cheeks
if story changes/doesnt match injury
common sites of intentional injury in children
cheeks
ears
extremities
burns
spiral fracture
evaluation of burns/fractures
scalding is most common: immersion in water
“glove/sock” burn lines on hands/feet
“donut-shaped” burn around anus from immersion
“splattering” burns in older children
zebra stripe effect: burns on skin folds->creates “stripes”
burns on hands/feet/bilateral: more likely to be accidental
-burns on inner thighs/groin
physical indicators of sexual abuse
-young age pregnancy/STI
-bruising/bleeding from genitals
-bed wetting/fecal incontinence @ older age
-sexually aggressive behaviours/undressing inappropriately
-difficulty walking/sitting/standing
-sleep distrubance
-nervous around adults
-frozen behaviour
red flags for child maltreatment during assessment of child
1.changes in story of what happened
2.injury is not consistent with age of child (i.e. fell of chair @7 months old)
3.delay in seeking medical treatment (i.e. wound is semi healed)
child maltreatment documentation of finding
must be extremely detailed and accurate
-often used in court
red flags for child maltreatment during assessment of caregiver
-nervous/fidgety
-inappropriate explanations for things
-unconcerned/dismissive “they’re fine”
-discrepancy: development age doesnt match, different stories from child/adult
-low self-esteem
-inappropriate punishment/viewing child as a “mini-adult”
diagnostic evaluation for child maltreatment
Xray
MRI
CT
lab values (nutrition)
eye exam
what is elder abuse
any act of failure to act withing a relationship where theres an expectation of trust that jeopardizes the health/wellbeing of an elder
increased profile for risk in elders
75+
widowed
female
social isolation
who is commonly the abuser in elder abuse
family member/caregiver
how to address elder abuse with client
private convo away from family
be nonchalant
“how do you feel/whats going on at home”
dont put words in their mouth
“how can i help/support you?”
Protecting Canada’s Seniors Act
can be used only if they LACK the capacity to make decisions for themselves
human trafficking in canada
-physical violence, PTSD, SUD
-may need shelter, food, victim services, translator
-is happening
