Class 7

Question 1

Charles Lyell

Answer 1

Effectively discredited the long-standing view that the earth’s surface had been formed by short-lived cataclysms, such as biblical floods and earthquakes.

Question 2

Uniformitarianism

Answer 2

Charles Lyell’s idea that geologic processes have not changed throughout Earth’s history.

Question 3

Bishop James Ussher

Answer 3

Used the Bible to date the origin of the earth to 4004 B.C. in 1650.

Question 4

Thomas Malthus

Answer 4

Eighteenth-century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view, population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production.

Question 5

Charles Darwin

Answer 5

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882).

Question 6

Origin of Species

Answer 6

1859: Charles Darwin’s book explained how various species evolve over time and only those with advantages can survive and reproduce.

Question 7

T.H. Huxley

Answer 7

Chief spokesman for Darwin - “Darwin’s Bulldog” who got embroiled in controversy between Church and science. Specifically, represented Darwin’s findings at debate with Bishop of Oxford.

Question 8

Samuel Wilberforce

Answer 8

Anglican Bishop who attacked Darwin’s theory as incompatible with the Bible; attempted to destroy Darwin’s theory through scientific arguments; aimed final point at Huxley when he asked whether it was through his Grandfather or Grandmother that Huxley claimed descended from a monkey.

Question 9

Albrecht Ritschl

Answer 9

Originated the social gospel movement.

Question 10

Adolf von Harnack

Answer 10

Tried to make Christianity appealing to unbelievers by stripping it down to its essence.

Question 11

Walter Rauschenbusch

Answer 11

New York clergyman who preached the social gospel, worked to alleviate poverty, and worked to make peace between employers and labor unions.

Question 12

D.L. Moody

Answer 12

The great American revivalist who brought the gospel to great crowds of people in America and Great Britain.

Question 12

William Booth

Answer 12

Founder of the Salvation Army.

Question 13

Salvation Army

Answer 13

This welfare organization came to the US from England in 1880 and sought to provide food, shelter, and employment to the urban poor while preaching temperance and morality.

Question 14

Holiness Movement

Answer 14

The family of Protestant churches who seek perfection in the world by developing a lifestyle of personal holiness and following a rigid code of behavior.

Question 15

Keswick Movement

Answer 15

England in 1840’s/50s; Holy Spirit continually counteracts sinfulness in us- gives us power to serve, called this the baptism of the Holy Spirit.

Question 16

Charles Spurgeon

Answer 16

19th century British Reformed Baptist
Influenced by American Puritans
Prolific and eloquent preacher influencing Calvinists and Baptists, called “The Prince of Preachers”.
First Mega church pastor
(1834-1892)

Question 17

Abraham Kuyper

Answer 17

Dutch Theologian. successor of Calvin in the reformed tradition. Said learning takes faith: depends what or whom you have faith in not weather you have faith. Was a prime minister and newspaper editor.

Question 18

Pentecostalism

Answer 18

A renewal movement within Protestant Christianity that places special emphasis on a direct personal experience of God through the baptism with the Holy Spirit.

Question 19

Azusa Street Revival

Answer 19

Historic Pentecostal revival meeting that took place in Los Angeles, California, and was led by William J. Seymour, an African American preacher. The revival was characterized by ecstatic spiritual experiences accompanied by speaking in tongues, dramatic worship services, and inter-racial mingling

Question 20

William Seymour

Answer 20

A follower of Parham who moves from Topeka to Los Angeles and preaches the “filling of the Spirit” in a warehouse on Azusa Street.

Question 21

Welsh Revival

Answer 21

A revival begun in Wales by evangelists Seth Joshua and Evan Roberts; Approximately 100,000 men, women, and children came to Christ.

Question 22

Scopes Monkey Trial

Answer 22

1925, the trial that pitted the teaching of Darwin’s theory of evolution against teaching Bible creationism.

Question 23

Fundamentalist-Modernist Controversy

Answer 23

Battle between fundamentalists and modernists waged over doctrine and control of schools, mission boards, etc.

Question 24

Ultramontanism

Answer 24

The belief that the Pope is the sole authority in religious matters.

Question 25

Gallicanism

Answer 25

Support authority of the national church

Question 26

Syllabus of Errors

Answer 26

1864. Pope Pius IX denounced rationalism, socialism, and separation of church and state.

Question 27

Pope Pius IX

Answer 27

Strongly denounced rationalism, socialism, separation of church and state, and religious liberty. Support for unification gave way to fear and hostility after he was temporarily driven from Rome during the upheavals of 1848-Syllabus of Errors.

Question 28

John Henry Newman

Answer 28

A leader of the Oxford Movement, converted to Catholicism, became a cardinal and influential writer.