Class 2 Flashcards
John Calvin
Considered the greatest Protestant Theologian, playing a great role in the shaping of society and economic theory, putting in place systems of welfare and literacy for the poor. He converted from Catholicism to the reformers but doesn’t share exactly when, as he believes conversion is an ongoing process rather than a distinct moment. At age 26, he wrote out a catechism called the Institutes of Christian Religion, a clear account of what Protestants believe. The 1st addition was 500 pages long. While Luther believes in the 2 Kingdom Theory, this person claims the state always has to come under the church.
TULIP Calvinism
- Total Depravity. We are incapable of anything that is good.
- Unconditional election. God chooses whom he wants to choose to be saved.
- Limited atonement. Jesus died for specific people, not humanity.
- Irresistible grace. If God calls you, you cannot resist it. You can’t lose your salvation.
- Perseverance of the Saints. If you have been elected, nothing can pull you out.
St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre
There was a short time of the rise of Protestantism in France during the time of Cathrine de Medici, who approved of them in hopes the movement would help her in her power struggle against the Guises…that is, until she feared the growing favor the Protestant Admiral Gaspard de Coligny found from King Charles. Catherine orchestrates a plot to kill the Admiral, which quickly escalated to a bloodshed of Huguenots (French Protestants) in Paris, remembered as St.Bartholomew’s day massacre. The number of victims reached tens of thousands. This put an end to all possible collaboration between Protestants and the French crown.
Edict of Nantes
Promulgates at Nantes in Brittany on April 13, 1598, by Henry IV (the 4th) of France, granting a large measure of religious liberty to his protestant subjects, the Huguenots.
Thomas Cromwell
The right hand man of Henry the 8th. Carried out a lot of his reforms.
Thomas More
Cancellor of the kingdom and a personal friend of Henry VIII, is known for opposing the laws set in place by parliament:
Forbidding the payment of annates and other contributions to Rome
Ruling Henry’s marriage to Cathrine not a true marriage
Ruling that Mary was not the legitimate heir to the throne
The king was the supreme head of the church of England. Anyone who dared call the King a heretic would be considered guilty of treason.
For opposing these laws he was imprisoned. He does not believe that a layman such as the king could be the head of the church, nor that any human being had the authority to change the laws of the church. He was executed 5 days later in the Tower of London, after declaring that he died “the king’s good servant, but God’s first.”
400 years later in 1935 Thomas More’s name was added to the official list of saints in the Roman Catholic Church.
William Tyndale
An English scholar and theologian known for translating the Bible into English during the Protestant Reformation. Influenced by Martin Luther, he sought to make scripture accessible to the common people. Despite opposition, he translated the New Testament and parts of the Old Testament. His work greatly influenced English translations of the Bible, contributing to the spread of Protestantism. He was later arrested, tried for heresy, and executed in 1536.
Hugh Latimer and Nicholas Ridley
were English Protestant martyrs during the reign of Queen Mary I. Latimer was a preacher and bishop known for his outspoken support of the English Reformation. Ridley was a theologian and bishop who played a key role in shaping the doctrinal position of the Church of England. Both were staunch opponents of Roman Catholicism. They were tried for heresy and executed together in 1555, becoming symbols of Protestant resistance during the reign of “Bloody Mary.” Their martyrdom contributed to the eventual establishment of Protestantism in England.
Act of Uniformity, 1559
Set out the form that the English Church would now take including a return to the 1552 Book of Common Prayer.
Created the curious hybrid of the Anglican Church
Allowed the clergy to marry
Thomas Cranmer
was King Henry VIII (8th) main advisor on religious matters, and declared that the marriage of his son Henry to Cathrine of Aragon (Spain alliance,) was not actually legitimate and advised a divorce, due to Cathrine being the widow to Henry’s older brother Arthur. Marriage of a man’s brother’s widow was against Canon law. Henry and Cathrine had a child, Mary of Tudor, who later burned Cranmer for this, threatened that if her parents’ marriage was not legitimate, her heir to the throne was not legitimate.
First, Mary presented him a recantation in writing, which he signed, but was still sentenced to death. He “went out in style,” recanting his recantation while at the stake, and first letting the hand that signed the document be the first part of himself to be burned up.
