Class 7

Question 1

Dispositional personality

Answer 1

• our core personality
• who we are across time and situation

Question 2

3 key factors: dispositional personality

Answer 2

1. meaningful individual differences
   - studying the differences between people
2. stability or consistency over time
   - maintenance of personality across time
3. consistency across situations
   - maintenance of personality across different scenarios, environments

Question 3

How can we measure the differences in personality between people?

Answer 3

• observer reports
• taxonomies
• interviews or tests

Question 4

Situational personality

Answer 4

Ways our personality can interact with the world

Question 5

Strong situation

Answer 5

Everyone would generally act the same in this situation

Question 6

Situational selection

Answer 6

How we interact with the wrold based on the situations we put ourselves in

Question 7

Aggregation

Answer 7

when disposition and situation collide
- using behaviour in different situations to look at how we generally behave

Question 8

Personality development

Answer 8

identifying how we develop our personalities across time

Question 9

Rank order stability: Personality development

Answer 9

compared to other people and doesn’t happen very often
- maintenance of individual position within a group
- rank order change: did your personality get stronger/weaker or higher/lower?
test-retest reliability

Question 10

Mean level stability: Personality development

Answer 10

about the individual and generally changes with time
- constancy of level
- do we behave (on average) the same across time?

Question 11

Personality coherence: Personality development

Answer 11

• can we track evidence of personality from earlier to later?
• inside: underlying personality (stays the same)
• outside: behaviour (may change)

Question 12

Personality change

Answer 12

• internal: out sense of self
• enduring: lasts over time, it is not a temporary change

Question 13

How can we measure it?

Answer 13

1. population level
   - humans tend to change across development
2. group differences level
   - how can groups be different (culture, religion, sexual identity, etc.)
3. individual differences level
   - looking at how people can be different
   - why do some people react differently than others?

Question 14

Personality development over time

Answer 14

Temperament
- individual differences in emotion, activity level, and attention
- present since birth
Personality
- who the person is
- internal sense of self

Question 15

Jaw Breaker model

Answer 15

They affect each other
1. temperament
2. parenting
3. friends
4. life experiences

Question 16

Behavioural inhibition

Answer 16

• appears early in life and demonstrates stability across development
• neuro-biological origian

Question 17

Infants and toddlerhood: Behavioural inhibition

Answer 17

• negative reactions to novelty
• withdrawal from novel/unfamiliar social and non-social situations
• kids with BI will try and get away from new things

Question 18

Older kids: Behavioural inhibition

Answer 18

• hyper-vigilant
• fearful
• withdrawing

Question 19

Psychosocial outcomes of BI

Answer 19

1. Social difficulties
2. Academic difficulties
3. 4-7 times more likely to develop a social anxiety disorder