Class 4

Question 1

Self-report

Answer 1

• asking the individual about their own personality
  PROS: we know our own inner thoughts and experiences
  CONS: we are biased and may not know everything
• structured: response options are provided
• unstructured: open-ended or interview-based

Question 2

Likert scale

Answer 2

rating how much a trait or statement applies to us along a scale

Question 3

Observer report

Answer 3

• asking those around a person to provide information on the person
  PROS: gives a unique perspective and multiple observer benefit
  CONS: unaware of a persons inner workings and may not know all contexts

Question 4

Test data

Answer 4

• standardized testing situations
• examines how a person reacts and performs under controlled situations
  PROS: controlled environment, elicit behaviours, and hypothesis testing
  CONS: observer effect, creating valid situations, and observer bias

Question 5

Life outcome data

Answer 5

• examining the events and outcomes in an individual’s life
• often connected with other data forms
  PROS: investigates how personality affects our actual lives
  CONS: lack of control

Question 6

The Big-5 Inventory

Answer 6

• self-report scale
• measures individuals along a spectrum of five main factor dimensions
• each factor has its own sub-factor

Question 7

Open-mindedness

Answer 7

curiosity and imagination
ready for new adventures and experiences
appreciation for artistic areas
- subfactors: intellectual curiosity, aesthetic sensitivity, and creative imagination

Question 8

Open-mindedness traits

Answer 8

High: creative, awareness of feelings, unfocused, and may engage in risky behaviour
Low: perseverance focused, science or data, and close-minded

Question 9

Concsientiousness

Answer 9

organization of environment
showcasing self-discipline
- subfactors: organization, productiveness, and responsibility

Question 10

Conscientiousness traits

Answer 10

High: organized, goal driven, and stubborn
Low: flexible, spontaneous, disorganized, and lack reliability

Question 11

Extraversion

Answer 11

eagerness to interact with the outside world
receives a positive boost from social interaction
likes high energy activities and situations
- subfactors: sociability, assertiveness, and energy levels

Question 12

Extraversion traits

Answer 12

High: enjoys interacting with others, full of energy, enthusiastic, likes to be the centre of attention
Low: quiet, low-key, less involved int he social world, not depressed; they just need less stimulation from the outside

Question 13

Negative emotionality

Answer 13

experiencing negativity
low tolerance for stress
- subfactors: anxiety, depression, and emotional volatility