Class 5 Flashcards
Who comes up with the terminology of Mercantilism?
Adam Smith
Define mercantilism
The state should enact policies that create positive trade inflows
Mercantilism says that wealth if…
finite, so trade is zero-sum
In mercantilism, why do colonies exist?
To enrich the metropole
WHat does autarchy mean?
Society should be completely closed-off, self-sufficient. (Sell everything, import nothing)
T or F: The line between legal and illegal piracy in the 17th century is very clear
False, it was blurry
Why was contraband popular at that time?
Contraband was offering bette prizes in general
What ships were the best targets for pirate?
British
What did pirate depend on to continue their activity?
landed communities that wanted to engage with trade
Why was the increase of trade in 18th centure a cause of the pirates decline?
Those landed communities were not willing to deal with them anymore
What helped the connection between the West Indies and the 13 colonies?
Piracy
T or F: gold remained one of the most important trade good.
False, sugar or tobacco became way more popular. that’s what caused piracy decline
What trade connected the 13 colonies and France?
Fur trade
What french company had a monopoly on fur?
Compagnie des Indes
As the West indies became plantation colonies…
they became more reliant to North American food imports
What is the definition of exclusive system?
All ships had to be dealing with the direct metropole and no one else
Which of the 13 colonies was a major destination for contraband trade
Rhode Island
Which French settlement was the main destination for trade (and smuggling)?
Louisbourg
Why was Louisbourg the best destination (in a maritime sense)?
You didn’t have to navigate the Saint Laurent, which was no easy task.
What increased Britain’s borrowing capacity
The creation of the Bank of England
T or F: Because of its small population, Britain was a minor imperial power
False, Britain was a major imperial power despite the population size
On what is based the Common law?
A system of jurisprudence (laws are created on the basis of individual decisions, judges have to follow anterior decisions of tribunals)
Of what does the Navigation act of 1696 consist?
Tightens metropolitan control over colonial economic affairs (building on the Navigation act of 1651)
Creation of vice-admiralty courts
Doest admiralty courts follow the Common Law?
NO, that’s why they were so hated
What is the task of the Board and secretary of state for the southern department, 1696?
Responsible (in a very loose sens) of administrating the colonies.
Every colonial decision had to pass through the Board, to make sure…
it wasn’t against any British rule
T or F: The Board had a real significant power over the colonies
False, English colonies were independent of dealing with their affairs
What causes tobacco to become a commodity people can afford?
The Chesapeake and Virginia increase their number of exports since they have a lot of surplus.
WHat percentage of the Black enslaved people reaching the ENglish North colonies went to the Carolinas?
50%
Were Black people involved in the Yamasee war?
Yes, they fought on both English and indigenous sides.
What was the last of the 13 colonies to be created?
Georgia in 1732
What was prohibited to make Georgia model colony (of white people)?
Slavery and alcohol
Why did Georgia finally become more like the Carolinas?
Spain tried to invade it
Why did Virginian society become a Slave society?
Decline of white indentures and explosion of importation of enslaved people
What was the last english colony to be created in North America?
Nova Scotia
What caused the Great Awakening / creation of colonial universities?
The revival of religious sentiment
Universities were created to train new ministers
Around … millions of Africans were transported to the Americas
12
What is the particularity of Tans-Atlantic slave trade?
For the first time in history, a laaaarge scale commodification of human beings occured
T or F: Slavery in the roman empire was related to race
False, there wasn’t a large consciousness of ideologies before in Europe
What were the moral justifications of enslaving people
Racialization: Black people were inferior
Europeans task was not to capture slaves, they made it someone else’s
What was Negroland?
A legal fiction that create a “nation” for African people
Why didn’t Europeans go to Africa before?
They were dying pf tropical diseases (like Malaria for example)
Name different african states
Kingdom of Dahomey
Ashanti Empire
Kingdom of Kongo
T or F: Catholicism didn’t exist in Africa before European contact?
False, the King of Kongo converted din 1485
What is the Middle passage?
Part of the triangular trade that implied African travel across the Atlantic Sea
What legally constructed, among other things, Race and Slavery?
Black codes
Where was the first Black code created?
Barbados
Where were Black enslaved people first turned into strict commodities
Jamaica
What was the initial necessity of a Black code
They wanted to clarify that difference between African slaves and whites indentured servants
In what do the sugar plantations differ from traditional agriculture?
Labor is strictly regulated ans every labourer has a unique role
T or F: Sugar becomes one of many productions in the colonies
False, it overtakes the other productions
Examples of slave rebellions?
NY slave insurrection
Stono rebellion
What the largest sales uprising during the colonial period?
Stono rebellion ( it leaded to the South Carolina act)
