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HIST 211 > Class 3 > Flashcards

Class 3 Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: there is a strict chronology to the Salem witch trials.

A

False

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2
Q

What’s is the most known event in the 13 colonies prior to the Revolution?

A

Salem witch trials

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3
Q

Massachussets Bay colony goes from a charter colony to…

A

a royal colony (in 1691)

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4
Q

What are the late colonies that will unite to create Massachussets colony?

A

Massachussets Bay
Maine
Plymouth

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5
Q

What war created devastation in Massachussets (context of the trials)

A

Metacom’s war / King Phillip’s war

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6
Q

What is the mentality of settlers in Massachussets in during the trials?

A

Fear of heretical, catholicism
political disruptions
Threats

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7
Q

T or F: Salem witch trials is a medieval event

A

False it is a early modern event

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8
Q

What is the fertile environment to these events?

A

Reformation
Anti-feminist sentiments
Puritanism

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9
Q

T or F: There’s was only one trial

A

False, multiple ones in Massachussets and other colonies. It was the last witch trials in English Atlantic world. ——> Died down in Europe.

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10
Q

What is the initial popular mentality regarding witchcraft?

A

Demons have made theirs way to Massachussets Bay. People have to be devoted to ‘unplague’ the colony

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11
Q

What created community issues in Salem?

A

Property claims and conflicts over church leadership also heightened tensions.

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12
Q

What was the violence used during the Salem trials?

A

Use of torture, spectral evidence, and inquisitorial

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13
Q

How was a person accused of witchcraft?

A

Usually, one of their neighbours would accuse them.

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14
Q

Who’s the first American intellectual figure?

A

Cotton Mather

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15
Q

What has he popularized?

A

Smallpox Inoculation

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16
Q

What are Mather’s main texts

A

Wonders of the Invisible World
Magnalia Christi Americana

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17
Q

Why are Mather’s works important?

A

Great primary sources of description of the colonial life then.

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18
Q

Who is Tituba?

A

Enslaved woman (from Barbados) working in Samuel Paris’ house - a plantation owner/puritan minister.

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19
Q

Was Tituba executed?

A

No, she was emprisoned, and later sold.

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20
Q

T or F: The first courts in English colonies were in Barbados

A

True, to try enslaved people that were involved in a Barbados uprising.

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21
Q

To who does the puritan elite loses ground?

A

To the rising bourgeois class of merchants and lawyers

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22
Q

Massachussets goes from a …. to a royal colony

A

Charter colony

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23
Q

Intellectuals like Cotton Mather are no longer the dominant class. Who is?

A

People like John Adams, lawyers and politics

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24
Q

T or F: Colonies a defined block of territories.

A

False, they’re littles colonized zones undefined.

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25
Q

What were the last colonies to work under the charter system?

A

Rhode Island ans Connecticut

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26
Q

Why is the Charter of Rhode Island unique?

A

It gave rhode island colonist almost fist self-governance.

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27
Q

What was the first town founded in Rhode Island?

A

Providence

28
Q

What is a proprietary colony?

A

Colonies which lands were granted to some proprietors (like “lord” system)

29
Q

What are the two major First Nations aroud Connecticut and Rhode Island?

A

Pequots and Mohegans

30
Q

What was the proximate cause of the Beaver Wars?

A

Murders of Captain Stone and John Oldham.

31
Q

In what consisted the Beaver wars?

A

A constellation of conflicts between First Nation and English colonists

32
Q

What was the nature of the conflict among indigenous people? (Beaver wars)

A

It was around the access to trade with the English

33
Q

Why was the Murder of Stone and Oldham so important to the Beaver wars

A

New England demanded to punish accused Pequots, but the Pequots didn’t allow this.

34
Q

What was the Mohegans motives to get involved in the Beaver wars?

A

They saw the pequots becoming the English ennemies as a way of gaining a bigger part in trade

35
Q

What was the first battle pf the Beaver wars?

A

Saybrook settlement-fort.

36
Q

What was the Mystic massacre?

A

Attack on the Mystic pequot settlement. Pequots inhabitants were slaughtered one by one

37
Q

How is the Mystic massacre marked a drastic change in warfare?

A

The opponents became unaware of the number of deaths.
The English’s intention was to exterminate the Pequots. (that they no longer exist.

38
Q

Why is the Treaty of Hartford important ?

A

It’s the first time that a peace treaty desires to dissolve a nation. - the pequot no longer exist

39
Q

Who are the Uncas and Miantonomo?

A

The Sachims of the Mohegans and NAroganssetts

40
Q

T or F: The Miantonomo’s sentence to death make the relation between the British and the Narragansett go sour

A

True, and Uncas was turned against by his people

41
Q

What was the first First nation to be formally recognized in statue by the state?

A

the Pequots!

42
Q

Example of conflict in New Netherland?

A

Kieft’s war

43
Q

What was the cause of the Kieft’s war?

A

Native hostility to Dutch due to policies of Governor Kieft. (end of gun trade, demands for tribute payment, punitive raids, etc)

44
Q

What is the historical context of the Kieft’s war?

A

Dutch power is declining - Indigenous refuse all Dutch demands

45
Q

T or F: New Netherland destroys Native resistance but is left fatally weakened.

A

True!

46
Q

What is the consequence of the Kieft’s war for the Dutch?

A

Everywhere outside heavily fortified areas, like Manhattan, is devastated.

47
Q

Who was the famous leader of the Wampanoag?

A

Metacom, aka “King Phillip”

48
Q

Who gave the name King Phillip to Metacom?

A

Plymouth colonists (a friendly move)

49
Q

What is the historical context of the Metacom’s war?

A

Drop in the number of indigenous persons
Increasing number of English colonists

50
Q

T or F: Indigenous people could be part of the elected people by God

A

False, the puritan elite firmly believed their evangelization would be in vain.

51
Q

Who is the most important character in evangelization of indigenous peoples?

A

John Elliot

52
Q

T or F: Elliot published the first Bible in an indigenous language

A

True

53
Q

Main causes of the Metacom’s war?

A

Decline of Indigenous population in New England and rapid increase in settler
Growing population of “praying Indians” resident in mission towns.

54
Q

Trigger of the metacom’s war?

A

Execution of three Wampanoags convicted of murdering John Sassamon.

55
Q

T or False: Metacom wants to create a sense of alliance between indigenous peoples

A

True

56
Q

T or F: Metacom’s war was smaller than the Pequots war

A

False, it was way larger

57
Q

What first nations were British’s allies? (beaver wars)

A

Uncas and the Mohegans

58
Q

T or False: The early Metacom’s war goes bad for the English/

A

True, thhe Wampanoag and their allies were prepared.

59
Q

Characteristics of the Metacom war

A

escalating brutality
high number of casualties

60
Q

How did the end of the Metacom war go?

A

The last allies of Metacom betrayed by Wampanoag Christian converts.

61
Q

T or F: Metacom’s war was the bloodiest war per capita in American History.

A

True

62
Q

What’s the fate of captured indigenous people

A

They were exported to the West Indies (Barbados)

63
Q

The Metacom’s war felt like the indigenous last chance to…

A

prevent the settlement within the last free lands of First nations.

64
Q

How was the puritan elite doing after Metacom’s war?

A

Crisis of Puritan confidence. (Mary Rowlanson wrote a book that was a symbol of English desire to remain in strength)

65
Q

T or F: authorities in England viewed the Metacom’s war as TOO VIOLENT.

A

True, in their sense, it had gotten out of hands.

HIST 211 (6 decks)

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