Class 3 Flashcards
T or F: there is a strict chronology to the Salem witch trials.
False
What’s is the most known event in the 13 colonies prior to the Revolution?
Salem witch trials
Massachussets Bay colony goes from a charter colony to…
a royal colony (in 1691)
What are the late colonies that will unite to create Massachussets colony?
Massachussets Bay
Maine
Plymouth
What war created devastation in Massachussets (context of the trials)
Metacom’s war / King Phillip’s war
What is the mentality of settlers in Massachussets in during the trials?
Fear of heretical, catholicism
political disruptions
Threats
T or F: Salem witch trials is a medieval event
False it is a early modern event
What is the fertile environment to these events?
Reformation
Anti-feminist sentiments
Puritanism
T or F: There’s was only one trial
False, multiple ones in Massachussets and other colonies. It was the last witch trials in English Atlantic world. ——> Died down in Europe.
What is the initial popular mentality regarding witchcraft?
Demons have made theirs way to Massachussets Bay. People have to be devoted to ‘unplague’ the colony
What created community issues in Salem?
Property claims and conflicts over church leadership also heightened tensions.
What was the violence used during the Salem trials?
Use of torture, spectral evidence, and inquisitorial
How was a person accused of witchcraft?
Usually, one of their neighbours would accuse them.
Who’s the first American intellectual figure?
Cotton Mather
What has he popularized?
Smallpox Inoculation
What are Mather’s main texts
Wonders of the Invisible World
Magnalia Christi Americana
Why are Mather’s works important?
Great primary sources of description of the colonial life then.
Who is Tituba?
Enslaved woman (from Barbados) working in Samuel Paris’ house - a plantation owner/puritan minister.
Was Tituba executed?
No, she was emprisoned, and later sold.
T or F: The first courts in English colonies were in Barbados
True, to try enslaved people that were involved in a Barbados uprising.
To who does the puritan elite loses ground?
To the rising bourgeois class of merchants and lawyers
Massachussets goes from a …. to a royal colony
Charter colony
Intellectuals like Cotton Mather are no longer the dominant class. Who is?
People like John Adams, lawyers and politics
T or F: Colonies a defined block of territories.
False, they’re littles colonized zones undefined.
What were the last colonies to work under the charter system?
Rhode Island ans Connecticut
Why is the Charter of Rhode Island unique?
It gave rhode island colonist almost fist self-governance.
What was the first town founded in Rhode Island?
Providence
What is a proprietary colony?
Colonies which lands were granted to some proprietors (like “lord” system)
What are the two major First Nations aroud Connecticut and Rhode Island?
Pequots and Mohegans
What was the proximate cause of the Beaver Wars?
Murders of Captain Stone and John Oldham.
In what consisted the Beaver wars?
A constellation of conflicts between First Nation and English colonists
What was the nature of the conflict among indigenous people? (Beaver wars)
It was around the access to trade with the English
Why was the Murder of Stone and Oldham so important to the Beaver wars
New England demanded to punish accused Pequots, but the Pequots didn’t allow this.
What was the Mohegans motives to get involved in the Beaver wars?
They saw the pequots becoming the English ennemies as a way of gaining a bigger part in trade
What was the first battle pf the Beaver wars?
Saybrook settlement-fort.
What was the Mystic massacre?
Attack on the Mystic pequot settlement. Pequots inhabitants were slaughtered one by one
How is the Mystic massacre marked a drastic change in warfare?
The opponents became unaware of the number of deaths.
The English’s intention was to exterminate the Pequots. (that they no longer exist.
Why is the Treaty of Hartford important ?
It’s the first time that a peace treaty desires to dissolve a nation. - the pequot no longer exist
Who are the Uncas and Miantonomo?
The Sachims of the Mohegans and NAroganssetts
T or F: The Miantonomo’s sentence to death make the relation between the British and the Narragansett go sour
True, and Uncas was turned against by his people
What was the first First nation to be formally recognized in statue by the state?
the Pequots!
Example of conflict in New Netherland?
Kieft’s war
What was the cause of the Kieft’s war?
Native hostility to Dutch due to policies of Governor Kieft. (end of gun trade, demands for tribute payment, punitive raids, etc)
What is the historical context of the Kieft’s war?
Dutch power is declining - Indigenous refuse all Dutch demands
T or F: New Netherland destroys Native resistance but is left fatally weakened.
True!
What is the consequence of the Kieft’s war for the Dutch?
Everywhere outside heavily fortified areas, like Manhattan, is devastated.
Who was the famous leader of the Wampanoag?
Metacom, aka “King Phillip”
Who gave the name King Phillip to Metacom?
Plymouth colonists (a friendly move)
What is the historical context of the Metacom’s war?
Drop in the number of indigenous persons
Increasing number of English colonists
T or F: Indigenous people could be part of the elected people by God
False, the puritan elite firmly believed their evangelization would be in vain.
Who is the most important character in evangelization of indigenous peoples?
John Elliot
T or F: Elliot published the first Bible in an indigenous language
True
Main causes of the Metacom’s war?
Decline of Indigenous population in New England and rapid increase in settler
Growing population of “praying Indians” resident in mission towns.
Trigger of the metacom’s war?
Execution of three Wampanoags convicted of murdering John Sassamon.
T or False: Metacom wants to create a sense of alliance between indigenous peoples
True
T or F: Metacom’s war was smaller than the Pequots war
False, it was way larger
What first nations were British’s allies? (beaver wars)
Uncas and the Mohegans
T or False: The early Metacom’s war goes bad for the English/
True, thhe Wampanoag and their allies were prepared.
Characteristics of the Metacom war
escalating brutality
high number of casualties
How did the end of the Metacom war go?
The last allies of Metacom betrayed by Wampanoag Christian converts.
T or F: Metacom’s war was the bloodiest war per capita in American History.
True
What’s the fate of captured indigenous people
They were exported to the West Indies (Barbados)
The Metacom’s war felt like the indigenous last chance to…
prevent the settlement within the last free lands of First nations.
How was the puritan elite doing after Metacom’s war?
Crisis of Puritan confidence. (Mary Rowlanson wrote a book that was a symbol of English desire to remain in strength)
T or F: authorities in England viewed the Metacom’s war as TOO VIOLENT.
True, in their sense, it had gotten out of hands.
