Class 2 Flashcards
T F? There was one legal theory to how colonization was made
False, it more of a “make things work on the ground” strategy
Year of Papal Bull Romanus Pontifex
1455
What did the Palpal Bull Romanus Pontifex grant?
Portugal’s venturing in the African West Coast to the Indian Ocean
Colonization in control over territory AND …
maritime space
When was the Treaty of Tordesillas signed?
1494
What ensured the colonial demarcation between Spain vs Portugal
Treaty of Tordesillas
Exact purposes of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Give Spain and Portugal the monopoly of acquiring Non-christian territory
Exclusive right to trade with non-christian people
Right to prohibit other christian powers from entering these zones
T F: Other Christian empire respected the Treaty of Tordesillas
Not exactly, it really only applied to Portugal and Spain.
How long did the Spanish establish in the New world before the english?
almost 1 century
What were the colonial motives of the Spaniards?
Find the next Peru - Gold, Fountains of youth
Spreading the Christian religion (catholicism)
What was the size of New Spain
Went from the Rocky Mountains to Buenos Aires.
What is the encomienda rights?
The right for colonists to force indigenous labour. (tribute regime = Hacienda and beginning of plantation economies)
Manila Galleons=?
Vehicles used for the Spanish and Portugal trade routes from the Americas to the Indian Ocean World (Manilla)
T or F: There was no colonies in the North of Florida in the 16 century
True
Ex of Dutch settlement
New Amsterdam
Ex of Swedish settlement
Fort Christina
Where is New netherland?
Aroud p-d New York. (There was still a dutch presence after the English takeover of the region)
T or F: English changed all the organisation of New York after the took it from the Dutch.
False.
First motive of the French voyages in North America?
Fishing
What were the failed settlements attempts of France
Charlesbourg royal - Jacques Cartier
Brazil and Florida too
What are the perks of New France settlements
Well placed: Control of Water ways
What was the style of colonization in New France?
Want of proximity to indigenous peoples for TRADE and DEFENSE
Did New France have TOTAL control of the territory from St Lawrence to Louisiana?
Not exactly: They had a proper colonies in the St Laurent valley and had millitary forts in the rest of their territory
Why did the French establishes forts all over North America?
To secure allyship with indigenous peoples
What is the particularity of the english colonization?
It was a heavily settler-driven one
reasons of going to America for the English
enclosure movement
anti-vagrancy laws
statute of Artificers, 1563
Violence, instability, and religious persecution
Desire for land, titles and wealth
What industry increased in the 17th century?
Textile
What is the fondements of the vagrancy laws
it was prohibited to be unemployed
Examples of civil wars within Britain
War of the Roses, Protestant Reformation, Glorious Revolution. = violence, instability and religious persecution
T or F: The ‘little ice age” was one of the motives of english migration
True
Who’s the first English captain to go to the Americas?
John Cabot. (Giovanni Cabotto)
Failed English colonies?
Newfoundland
Roanoke
Popham
How long was the voyage to Virginia
~4 months, stopping by the West Indies
How was the location of Jamestown
Terrible: Diseases, unfertility, AND POWHATAN CONFEDERACY
How did the relationship with the powhatan nation go at first?
Them and the English almost instantly hated each other
What is the Powhatan confederacy?
Alliance of indigenous people in Virginia
Why did the POwhatan and the English not get along
ENglish would steal their food
kidnap their people for ransom
steal their lands
Try to convert them to Anglicanism
1610, first anglo-powhatan war?
Yes
T F: women had a lot of power in the fate of the captives
True, it wasn’t unusual, not a legend
What’s the name of the English boyfriend of Pocahontas?
John Rolfe
What is the mentality of English people regarding INdigenous people
English definitely could assimilate indigenous people
Why did the story of Pocahontas become so popular?
It was heavily popularized
On what does the Chesapeake society rely?
tobacco, inequality and slavery.
Why did the English bring tobacco to the metropole?
For domestic use and exportations
Foundation of the wealth of Virginia?
Tobacco trade
What is the local assembly of Virginia
House of Burgesses
4 big types of colonies
Corporate colony
Proprietary colony
Royal colony
Charter colony
What type of colony is Virginia?
Proprietary colony
What were the causes of the frustration of VIrginias colonists’ that led to the Bacon’s rebellion?
Navigation acts: colonial producers could only sell to English markets
Rise of the price of tobacco
Head tax
Another big cause of Bacons rebellion
VIrginia was VERY hierarchical - wealth in the hands of the powerful plantation owners
Who was Bacon?
He was not poor, new in the colony.
Viewed as a photo-patriot (fighting against royal government)
Dies of malaria
What were the two camps of the rebellion?
Conflict between established settlers and newbies in the colony, bottom of the pyramid
What was the main consequence of Bacon’s rebellion?
Decreasing desire to employ white indentured servants, but rather rely on African enslaved labour
Central belief of puritanism
God is All-knowing, he knows who’s going to Heaven (predestination)
What is predestination
You are either damned or chosen. There’s nothing you can do to change that.
What are the first puritan settlements?
Plymouth
Massachussets Bay
Who rules in the Massachussets Bay colony?
The church! It’s kind of a theocracy
Charter of New England = ?
Attempts of puritan to settle in Caribbean
Describe economy in the New england society
based on family units production (rather than slaves or indentured servants)
Society in New England?
Organized around town (and the church is the center)
Agriculture in early New England?
soil and climate is not suited for agriculture (not fertile)
Education in New England?
1636 —-> established to train ministers
Paradox of early New England education?
- importance of women in maternal duties (NE and Chesapeake)
- ‘Protected’ in paternalistic ways
Who is Thomas(sine)
A person that was raised as a woman, gender fluid. (they would be a present-day intersex)
T F: Mary Dyer gave birth to a beautiful child
False, she gave birth to a monstrous one
Who spoke out agains the puritan entitlement?
Anne Hutchinson
Why was Anne Hutchinson considered as a witch
She had miscarriages - it was a sign of demonic possession
Where did Anne HUtchinson move?
New Amsterdam (p-d Bronx)
