class 4 (jan 22nd) Flashcards
power & motivation
policy advocacy within nursing
-nurses’ capacity as individuals or members of a profession to influence policy makers
-monitoring, alleviating, and preventing or bringing about social change
-raising public awareness of the issue
effects of powerlessness
-can create an ineffective, autocratic leader
-can lead to a rule-minded management style
-can lead to punitive action, rigid decision making, withholding of information, difficulties working with others
what is coercive power
uses threat of punishment to get followers to respond. follower’s expect to be punished by their leader if they fail to conform to leader influence
-women are more responsive to coercive power than men
what is legitimate power
recognition that formal leaders have power over their followers because of the position they hold.
a legitimate power relationship between two individuals can also be based on reciprocity
what is referent power
results when followers identify with or aspire to be like their leader. it does not require a direct relationship between leader and followers, or action on the part of the leader. it is positive when the followers want to be like the leader
what is reward power
ability of one person to reward another for compliance with expectations. leader must monitor the follower to give the reward. stronger when the followers like the leader
what is expert power
results when followers respond to their leader’s directions because they percieve that the leader knows best. the range of expert power is limited to the leader’s area of expertise
what is informational power
based on the leader’s ability to influence followers to act by using clear logic, rational argument, and information. leader may present the information to followers directly or indirectly
what is authority
-the right to command
-accompanies any management position
-a source of legitimate power
the authority-power gap
-decreases as the manager expresses a personal interest in his or her employees
-can be decreased by the visible exercise of authority in decision making
-increases when the manager loses credibility with employees
-is determined by how much status the manager has
what is empowerment
-means to develop, enable, and allow
-provides a process for sharing power
-develops leadership, collegial relationships, and self-respect
-depends on three theoretical perspectives: 1. critical social theory 2. social psychological theories 3. organizational and management theories
leader-empowering behaviours
-enhance meaningfulness of work
-foster participatory decision making
-provide autonomy from bureaucratic restraints
-facilitate goal accomplishment
-express confidence in high performance
employees who are empowered:
-have input and contol over work and organization
-openly share suggestions, ideas about work and organization
-feel free to challenge the status quo understand what is expected of them know how their work contributes to organization’s success
-feel free to make decisions about their work without having to ask permission
patient-empowering nurse behaviours
-access to information
-access to support
-access to resources
-access to opportunity
-informal power
-formal power
building a personal power base
-maintain personal energy
-present a powerful picture to others
-work hard/be a team player
-determine the powerful in the organization
-learn the language and symbols of the organization
-learn how to use the organization’s priorities
-increase professional skills and knowledge
-maintain a broad vision
-use experts and seek counsel
-be flexible
-develop visibility anda voice in th eorganization
-learn to accept compliments
-maintains a sense of humour
-empower others
what is motivation
-the force withing the individual that influences or directs behaviour
-comes from within a person
-managers cannot directly motivate subordinates
-humanistic manager can create an environment that maximizes the development of human potential
intrinsic motivation
internal drive to do or be something
extrinsic motivation
motivation is enhanced by the job environment or external rewards
maslows hierarchy of needs
basic needs, security, social/love, esteem, self actualization
-must meet basic needs before higher needs can be met
Herzberg’s motivator/hygiene theory
consists of factors in the workplace you’d like to have (motivators) which promote productivity and satisfaction and factors you have to have (hygiene) which if not met causes dissatisfaction
examples of motivator factors (herzberg’s)
-achievements
-recognition
-responsibility
-advancement
-work
-possibility for growth
examples of hygiene factors (herzberg’s)
-salary
-supervision
-interpersonal relations & peers
-job security
-positive working conditions
-personal life
-status
strategies to create a motivating climate
-have clear expectations
-be fair and consistent
-encourage teamwork
-know the uniqueness of each employee
-challenge employees intermittently
-reward desired behavior
-allow employees as much control as possible
attitude and energy of managers
-directly affects the attitude and productivity of their employees
-self care is important to prevent burnout
self care strategies
-establish support groups
-be involved in mentoring relationships
-maintain proper diet and exercise
-examine expectations of self and others
-say “no” more often
