class 2 (jan 9th) Flashcards
planned change
what is planned change
-change that comes as a result of a well thought out plan
-not accidental or by drift
-requires a leader/team with good problem solving, decision making, interpersonal and communication skills
what is change by drift
unplanned change that can occur overtime and is caused by external factors influencing the outcome
major drivers of change in health care
-organizational restructuring
-quality improvement
-employee retention
-technology
-aging populations
lewin’s three good reasons for change
- to solve a problem
- to make procedures more efficient
- to reduce unnecessary workload
lewin’s rules for implementing change
1.change should be for good reason
2. it should be gradual
3.it should be planned
4. everyone affected should have a part in planning
what are driving forces
the forces that push the organization toward the change
what are restraining forcings
the forces that pull the organization away form the change
what are lewin’s 3 phases of planned change
-unfreezing
-movement
-refreezing
what is the unfreezing stage
-identifying the problem & making people aware
-gather data & accurately diagnose the problem
-decide if change is necessary
-make others aware of the need for change
what is the movement stage
-develop a plan
-identify areas of support
-include everyone who will be involved
-develop appropriate strategies
-implement the change
-use strategies to overcome resistence
-evaluate and modify the change if necessary
what is the refreezing stage
-stabilize the change
-support the change (support others so that the change remains)
-takes 3-6 months before change is accepted
3 change agent strategies
1.rational-empirical
2.normative-reeducative
3.power-coercive
what is the rational-empirical strategy
-rational beings will change when given factual information showing the reason for change
-need supportive research data
-little resistance to change
-change is perceived to be reasonable
what is the normative-reeducative strategy
-man is a social being
-uses the group process to educate for change
-peer pressure
-individuals more influenced by others than facts
what is the power-coercive theory
-use of some form of power to effect change
-use of authority, political doubt
-assumes individuals will only change when rewarded for the change
-resistance is expected and handled with authority e.g. union strikes
what makes an effective change agent
-understands the change process
-presents change as an exciting opportunity and challenge
-communicates effectively during all stages of change
-anticipates resistance
what is resistance
the natural and expected response to change
the degree of resistance depends on:
- flexibility to change
2.evaluation of the immediate situation
3.anticipation of consequences of the change
4.perception of gain or loss
what will a leader do to promote change
-lead by example
-embrace learning
-empower followers
-listen and encourage dissent
-establish a culture of safety not blame
-manage change
-embrace disequilibrium
ways of managing change
-ask “why not” instead of “why”
-generate ideas & options
-do not throw out ideas too quick
-view change as an opportunity
-understand how change can be moved but also blocked
-take control of the change
