class 2 (jan 9th)

Question 1

what is planned change

Answer 1

-change that comes as a result of a well thought out plan
-not accidental or by drift
-requires a leader/team with good problem solving, decision making, interpersonal and communication skills

Question 2

what is change by drift

Answer 2

unplanned change that can occur overtime and is caused by external factors influencing the outcome

Question 3

major drivers of change in health care

Answer 3

-organizational restructuring
-quality improvement
-employee retention
-technology
-aging populations

Question 4

lewin’s three good reasons for change

Answer 4

1. to solve a problem
2. to make procedures more efficient
3. to reduce unnecessary workload

Question 5

lewin’s rules for implementing change

Answer 5

1.change should be for good reason
2. it should be gradual
3.it should be planned
4. everyone affected should have a part in planning

Question 6

what are driving forces

Answer 6

the forces that push the organization toward the change

Question 7

what are restraining forcings

Answer 7

the forces that pull the organization away form the change

Question 8

what are lewin’s 3 phases of planned change

Answer 8

-unfreezing
-movement
-refreezing

Question 9

what is the unfreezing stage

Answer 9

-identifying the problem & making people aware
-gather data & accurately diagnose the problem
-decide if change is necessary
-make others aware of the need for change

Question 10

what is the movement stage

Answer 10

-develop a plan
-identify areas of support
-include everyone who will be involved
-develop appropriate strategies
-implement the change
-use strategies to overcome resistence
-evaluate and modify the change if necessary

Question 11

what is the refreezing stage

Answer 11

-stabilize the change
-support the change (support others so that the change remains)
-takes 3-6 months before change is accepted

Question 12

3 change agent strategies

Answer 12

1.rational-empirical
2.normative-reeducative
3.power-coercive

Question 13

what is the rational-empirical strategy

Answer 13

-rational beings will change when given factual information showing the reason for change
-need supportive research data
-little resistance to change
-change is perceived to be reasonable

Question 14

what is the normative-reeducative strategy

Answer 14

-man is a social being
-uses the group process to educate for change
-peer pressure
-individuals more influenced by others than facts

Question 15

what is the power-coercive theory

Answer 15

-use of some form of power to effect change
-use of authority, political doubt
-assumes individuals will only change when rewarded for the change
-resistance is expected and handled with authority e.g. union strikes

Question 16

what makes an effective change agent

Answer 16

-understands the change process
-presents change as an exciting opportunity and challenge
-communicates effectively during all stages of change
-anticipates resistance

Question 17

what is resistance

Answer 17

the natural and expected response to change

Question 18

the degree of resistance depends on:

Answer 18

1. flexibility to change
   2.evaluation of the immediate situation
   3.anticipation of consequences of the change
   4.perception of gain or loss

Question 19

what will a leader do to promote change

Answer 19

-lead by example
-embrace learning
-empower followers
-listen and encourage dissent
-establish a culture of safety not blame
-manage change
-embrace disequilibrium

Question 20

ways of managing change

Answer 20

-ask “why not” instead of “why”
-generate ideas & options
-do not throw out ideas too quick
-view change as an opportunity
-understand how change can be moved but also blocked
-take control of the change