class 1 (jan 8th) Flashcards
leading,managing, and following. decision making and problem solving.
what is leadership as a nurse
-using individual traits and personal power to interact constructively to resolve problems
-the process of engaging and influencing others
-ability of any nurse to be a leader, regardless of the personality type, gender, ethnicity, or age
where/when can we use leadership in nursing
-patient safety issues
-increased technology
-rapid change
-aging workforce
-aging population
5 leadership theories
1.trait leadership
2.style leadership
3.situational-contingency leadership
4.transformational leadership
5.authentic leadership
trait/great man leadership theory
“the great man theory” aka being born with leadership traits
-self awareness of traits is useful for assessing personal strengths
-key idea: leaders have a certain set of physical and emotional characteristics that are crucial for inspiring others
style leadership theory
-considers how leaders behave
-based on 2 types of behaviour: task and relationship behaviours
-leaders need to develop both types of behaviours to be successful
situational-contingency leadership theory
“path-goal theory” aka the leader’s behaviour should be contingent on task and follower characteristics
-leadership effectiveness depends on situational factors
nursing leaders must assess each situation as unique and determine appropriate actions accordingly
3 task-focused leadership styles
-autocratic
-transactional
-lassiez-faire and instrumental leadership
relationship-focused leadership styles
-transformational leadership
-authentic leadership
what is transformational leadership
-building trust and relationships
-creating an empowering work environment
-creating an environment that supports knowledge development and integration
-leading and sustaining change
-balancing competing values and priorities
what is authentic leadership
-leader’s are aware of their own values and moral convictions and are constantly realigning their actions to match their values
-authentic leadership is strongly associated with follower’s trust in their leader’s, and followers positive emotions
role of emerging leaders
assume responsibility for own learning and development
role of the organization for developing future leaders
identify, recruit, and retain future leaders
role of management to support leaders
ensuring that people have the necessary resources to get the job done
role and function of managment
-focus on the person to develop strengths and abilities that lead to excellence in performance
-help the person develop realistic goals
-foster an environment that promotes goal attainment
-emphasize objectivity, collaboration, honesty, directness, and listening to others
management competencies
-accountability for professional practice
-verbal communication
-team-building skills
-leadership skills
-conflict resolution
-knowledge of ethical and legal issues
characteristics of the role of a leader
-frequently not part of formal organization
-often no delegated authority; obtain power through other means
-wider variety of roles than managers
-focus on group process, information gathering, feedback, and empowering others
characteristics of the role of a manager
-assigned a position within an organization
-legitimate source of power and delegated authority
-carry out specific functions
-emphasize control, decision making, decision analysis, and results
characteristics of a good leader
-envision the future
-communicate their visions
-motivate followers
-lead the way
-influence others to accomplish goals
-inspire confidence
-take risks
-empower followers
-master change
characteristics of a good manager
-coordinate resources
-optimize resource use
-meet organizational goals and objectives
-follow rules
-plan, organize, control, and direct
-use reward and punishment effectively to achieve organizational goals
what is followership
involves engaging with others who are leading or managing, by contributing to the work that needs to be done
what is problem solving
-a comprehensive, sequential, cognitive process used to solve a problem by reducing the difference between current and desired conditions
-decision making is a part of problem solving
what two elements are essential to problem solving
problem analysis
decision making
what is decision making
a process in which a preferred option or a course of actions is chosen from among a set of alternatives on the basis of given criteria or strategies
-in risky situations it involves estimating probability of success of alternatives with the complexity, level of risk, and certainty of each outcome
what is a decision
a choice between alternative courses of action or intervention that are selected to solve a problem
different intellectual processes for decision making
-scientific method
-nursing process
-problem solving process
-decision making process
-ethical decision making
-creative decision making
-shared decision making
-critical thinking
factors that affect the quality of decisions
-individual decision bias
-group decision bias
-fallacies
-personal attributes
applying the problem-solving process
-define the problem
-gather data
-analyze the data
-develop solutions
-select solutions
-purposeful inaction
-implement solutions
-evaluate the result
rational decision-making model
-be aware of assumptions
-set goals first; then state and weight criteria according to importance
- generate alternatives, and rate each alternatives
-=evaluate each alternative to see which is best
bounded rationality model
-satisficing decision
-optimizing decision
-fishbone diagram
-Ms (methods, machines, manpower, materials)
-Ps (place, procedure, people, policies)
-Ss (surroundings, suppliers, systems, skills)
clinical judgement model
phases: noticing, interpreting, responding, reflecting
clinical reasoning
clinical journaling
group decision making criteria
the decisions must be of high quality
all who are responsible for the implementation must accept the decision
-advantages
-challenges
-strategies
team decision support tools
-electronic meetings
-brainstorming
-six thinking hats
-nominal group technique
-SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats)
