Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Personal Endo > Class 3 Calcium and Parathyroid > Flashcards

Class 3 Calcium and Parathyroid Flashcards

1
Q

Body contains how much calcium and where is it found?

A
  • 1-2 kg

- 98% in skeleton, 1% cells, 0.1 ECF, 0.03 plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Plasma forms

A
  • 50% ionized (active)
  • 41% protein bound
  • 9% combined w/ anions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is seen with hypocalcemia? And whaen is it seen?

A
  • Nervous system excitement r/t permeability of Na which leads to easy action potentials
  • 50% ion loss or 35% total ca loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of nervous system problems are seen with hypocalcemia?

A
  • Tetany
  • —Hands and face
  • Seizures
  • Long QT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hypercalcemia leads to what?

A
  • Skeletal muscle weakness

- Nervous system depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nervous system depression seen in hypercalcemia does what?

A
  • Short QT
  • Long PR
  • Constipation
  • Anorexia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How to treat hypercalcemia?

A
  • Maintain UOP
  • Hydrate
  • Mithramycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How much phosphorus is in the body?

A
  • 1 kg

- 85% in skeleton, 15% muscle, 1% ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What levels fluctuate more, calcium of phos and why?

A

-Phos, moves between ECF and Bone , and ECF and ICF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is the major control site of phosphorus?

A
  • Kidney

- Urinary excretion balances GI intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What increases phos urinary excretion?

A

-PTH and calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the parathyroid?

A
  • 4 small glands on the thyroid

- Mainly chief and oxyphil cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

-parathyroid hormone (PTH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

PTH synthesis and secretion is related to what?

A
  • blood calcium levels in the ECF
  • ↓ Ca = ↑ PTH
  • ↑ Ca = ↓ PTH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can enlarge the parathyroid glands?

A
  • Prolonged stimulation
  • Pregnancy
  • Lactation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What 4 things are involved with calcium homeostasis? and where do they work?

A
  • PTH
  • Vitamin D
  • Calcitonin
  • Reabsorption of Ca in the proximal tubules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the major stimulus of PTH, and what 4 things does it PTH do?

A
  • Low serum Ca levels
  • increase bone resorption
  • Increase reabsorption of Ca in the distal tubules
  • Decrease phos reabsorption
  • Increase production of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
18
Q

what does 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol do?

A

-Vitamin D metabolite enhances intestinal Ca absorption

19
Q

What do you see with Increases in PTH with Serum? Urine?

A
  • Serum = Increased Ca & decreased Phos

- Urine = Decreased Ca & increased phos

20
Q

What opposes the effect of PTH and where is it made?

A
  • Calcitonin

- Parafollicular (clear) cells of the thyroid

21
Q

How does calcitonin decrease calcium?

A
  • Inhibit bone resorption

- Increases urinary excretion of Ca

22
Q

Increased levels of calcitonin would show what in serum and urine?

A
  • Serum = Decreased Ca and Phos

- Urine = increased Ca and phos

23
Q

How does Vitamin D effect calcium?

A

-increase Ca absorption from GI

24
Q

How does Vitamin D work?

A
  • Formed in skin by sunlight

- Converted to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in liver to work

25
Q

Hypoparathyroidism results in what? and leads to what?

A
  • Low calcium levels
  • Tetany
  • Muscle cramps
  • Grand mal seizures
  • CV collapse
26
Q

How is hypoparathyroidism treated?

A
  • PTH

- High calcium and Vit D

27
Q

When mag causes the hypocalcemia what must be done 1st?

A
  • 1st treat Mag

- Mag can suppress PTH

28
Q

How does hypercalcemia effect cardiac function?

A
  • Shortens QT**

- Depresses relaxation

29
Q

Effects of hyperparathyroid on kidneys?

A

-kidney Stone formation

30
Q

What are the most common causes of hyperparathyroid?

A
  • parathyroid hyperplasia**

- Parathyroid tumor **

31
Q

Pregnancy may stimulate what?

A

-Parathyroids

32
Q

What is secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A

-hypersecretion of PTH in response to hypocalcemic stress (Vit D defficiency or chronic renal disease)

33
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism results in what?

A

-Osteomalacia (softening of bones)

34
Q

Causes of Vitamin D deficiency?

A
  • Inadequate dietary intake (fat malabsorption)

- Inadequate sunlight

35
Q

Vitamin D results in what for adults? Children

A
  • Adults = osteomalacia

- Children = Rickets

36
Q

One gram of calcium chloride = ____ grams of calcium gluconate

A

-3

37
Q

Why is calcium indicated in hyperkalemic EKG changes?

A

-Cell membrane stabilizing effects

38
Q

Calcium is indicated for hypotension caused by what 2 drugs?

A
  • Calcium channel blockers

- Beta blockers

39
Q

Calcium is indicated for magnesium toxicity for patients being treated for what?

A

Preeclampsia

40
Q

What is calcium contraindicated for and why?

A
  • Digoxin toxicity

- Lethal arrhythmias

Personal Endo (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions