Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Personal Endo > Class 2 > Flashcards

Class 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 things form a unit and exert control over several endocrine glands?

A
  • Hypothalamus

- Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hypothalamus and Pituitary control function of what 3 endocrine glands?

A
  • Thyroid
  • Adrenals
  • Gonads
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The pituitary is also know as the what?

A

-Master gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is responsible for the brain-endocrine interactions?

A

-Hypothalamus pituitary axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is considered the coordinating center of the endocrine system?

A

-hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The hypothalamus consolidates signals from what 4 things?

A
  • Upper cortical inputs
  • Autonomic function
  • Environmental cues
  • Peripheral endocrine feedback
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the pituitary do? and what tells it what to do?

A
  • Releases hormones

- receives precise signals from the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What bone does the pituitary reside and what is the area called?

A
  • Sphenoid Bone

- Sella tursica***

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 divisions of the pituitary?

A
  • Anterior (Largest)
  • Pars intermediate (gone after development)
  • Pars tubularis (Highly vascular, no hormones)
  • Neurohypopysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are the anterior and posterior pituitary different?

A
  • Different connection to hypothalamus
  • Different cell types
  • Secrete different hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is another name for the anterior pituitary? And how is it connected to the hypothalamus?

A
  • Adenohypophysis

- Portal venous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The anterior pituitary is regulates what 6 things?

A
  • Thyroid
  • Adrenal
  • Mammary gland
  • Growth hormone
  • Gonads
  • Melanocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the 5 types of cells found in the anterior pituitary

A
  • Somatotropes (most abundant)
  • Corticotropes
  • Thyrotropes
  • Gonadotropes
  • Lactotropes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the Somatotrope cell secrete?

A

-Growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the corticotroope cell secrete?

A

-Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the thytropes cell secrete?

A

-Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the gonadotope cells secrete?

A
  • Leutinizing Hormone (LH)

- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of cell secretes prolactin (PRL)?

A

-Lactotropes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The posterior pituitary is also called what? and is basically what?

A
  • Neurohypophysis

- Axonal projections from the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What two hormones does the posterior pituitary produce and what do they do?

A
  • Oxytocin (Uterine contractions)

- Vasopressin aka ADH (water balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does Vasopressin (ADH) do?

A
  • Increase permeability of collecting ducts
  • Increase free water absorption
  • Contraction of vascular smooth muscle
22
Q

Describe the vasopressin receptors.

A
  • V1 = vasoconstriction

- V2 = Renal fluid reabsorption

23
Q

In what two ways is vasopressin stimulated for release?

A
  • Osmoreceptors sense plasma osmolality > 290

- Baroreceptors in carotid sinus and aortic arch sense large volume changes

24
Q

What does syndrome of inappropriate ADH cause?

A
  • Water retention
  • Hyponatremia
  • Concentrated urine
  • Dilute plasma
25
Q

When ADH works on the kidneys what does it do?

A
  • Increase urine osmolality
  • Decrease plasma osmolality
  • Increase ECF
26
Q

What can cause syndrome of inappropriate ADH?

A
  • CNS disorders
  • Cold stress
  • Trauma
  • Drugs
  • Cancer / tumor
27
Q

Describe the mild, moderate and severe symptoms of hyponatremia.

A
  • Mild< 125: Anorexia, nausea, weakness
  • Mod: Lethargy, confusion
  • Severe <120 : seizures, coma, death
28
Q

Sodium greater than what is safe for elective surgeries?

A

->130

29
Q

Sodium less than 130 can lead to what?

A
  • Cerebral edema
  • Decrease in MAC**
  • Agitation
  • Confusion
  • Somnolence
30
Q

Rapid correction of sodium can lead to what problem? And when does it occur?

A
  • Central pontine myelinolysis

- Change in Na > 0.5meq per hour

31
Q

What are some risk factors for central pontine myelinolysis?

A
  • ETOH
  • Liver disease
  • Malnutrition
  • hyponatremia
32
Q

Diabetes insipidus signs?

A
  • Excessive thirst

- Dilute Urine

33
Q

Diabetes is can be caused by what two mechanisms?

A
  • Inability to release ADH (central)

- Inability of kidney respond to ADH

34
Q

What is the net result of diabetes insipidus?

A
  • Hyposmotic urine
  • hyperosmotic plasma
  • Polydypsia (excessive thirst)
35
Q

Name 2 ways to treat diabetes insipidus?

A
  • Desmopressin nasal spray = Central

- Demeclocycline = decrease in renal response to ADH

36
Q

Describe hypernatremia

A

-Loss of H2O or excess of Na

37
Q

How does hypernatremia effect MAC?*****

A
  • Increased MAC

- Decreased uptake of inhalation agent

38
Q

Surgery should be postponed for sodium greater than what?

A

> 150

39
Q

Symptoms of hypernatremia?

A
  • Restlessness
  • Lethargy
  • Hyperreflexia
  • Seizure
  • Coma
  • Death
40
Q

Oxytocin is secreted from what? and does what?

A
  • Supraoptic nucleus of posterior pituitary

- Contractions of uterus and myoepithelial cells of lactating breast

41
Q

What are 2 of the rare instances in which there is a positive feedback in the endocrine system?

A
  • Labor effects

- Breast feeding

42
Q

How is pitocin used in OB?

A
  • Increase contractions of uterus during labor

- Contract uterus after birth to prevent blood loss

43
Q

Complications of pitocin.

A
  • Fetal distress
  • Uterine stimulation
  • Maternal water intoxication
44
Q

Rapid infusion of pitocin can cause what?

A
  • Htn
  • Tachycardia
  • N/V
  • Seizures
45
Q

Normal dose of pitocin.

A

-Usually 20 units (never more than 40) in a liter bag

46
Q

What two ways are pituitary tumors found?

A
  • Compression of adjacent structures (vision changes)

- Systemic effects of hormonal changes

47
Q

Pituitary compression of the optic chiasm from a pituitary tumor can result in what?

A

-Bitemoral hemianopsia

48
Q

Too much growth hormone causes what? and can lead to what?

A
  • Acromegaly

- Difficult airway

49
Q

Too much Thyroid stimulating hormone causes what?

A
  • Hyperthyroid
  • Tachycardia
  • Weightloss
50
Q

Elevated ACTH can cause what?

A
  • Cushing’s disease

- Difficult airway

51
Q

Panhypopituitarism requires what?

A
  • Cortisol for adrenals
  • Levothyroxine for thyroid
  • DDAVP (vasopressin)
52
Q

Possible problems post pituitary surgery? and what would you see?And what to treat?

A
  • Diabetes insipidus
  • Elevated urine out put with specific gravity < 1.005
  • Treat with DDAVP

Personal Endo (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions