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Cog Neuro 2 > Class 3 - Attention 1 > Flashcards

Class 3 - Attention 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What kinds of attention are there

A

Arousal
Sustained attention / vigilance
Selective attention
Divided attention

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2
Q

Arousal

A

sensitivity to stimulation

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3
Q

Sustained attention / vigilance

A

Attention span
focusing on something for a long time

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4
Q

Selective attention

A

“pay attention”
processing relevant information while ignoring irrelevant information

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5
Q

Divided attention

A

multitasking
splitting attention across different tasks

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6
Q

Noradrenaline

A

norepinephrine (NE)
Mobilizes brain by enhancing sensory processing
Arousal and attention role - Shut off (not see it) during REM sleep
Flight in fight or flight

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7
Q

norepinephrine Nuclei in

A

locus coeruleus

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8
Q

Main NT for sympathetic nervous system

A

norepinephrine

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9
Q

Acetylcholine receptor subtypes

A

Nicotinic (ionotropic) - nicotine mimics atctivity of AcH
Muscarinic (metabotropic)

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10
Q

Acetylcholine cell bodies in

A

pons, midbrain, basal forebrain

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11
Q

Acetylcholine (Ach)

A

Maintains cortical excitability, Decreased in anaesthesia, Selective attention, motivation, reward

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12
Q

Classifying selective attention

A

Top-down vs. bottom-up

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13
Q

Top-down selective attention

A 
Goal directed 
voluntary attention (endo)

Knowledge, expectations, goals - drive allocation of attention

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14
Q

Bottom-up selective attention

A

Stimulus directed
Reflexively (captured) (exo)

Sensory input captures attention allocation

(suddenly slam podium - not own attention draw to spot, sudden stimulus draw attention)

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15
Q

Overt attention

A

focusing and perceiving what eyes are fixated on

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16
Q

Fixation

A

directing fovea to particular spot

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17
Q

Saccades

A

movement of eyes, shifting fovea to different spots

18
Q

Covert attention

A

pay attention without looking at (fixating on) them
focusing and perceiving things outside of foveation

19
Q

Helmholz (1894) first tested covert attention by

A

fixating his eyes while attending to another part of visual fields
-When lit up, he could only recall letters from parts he attended to

20
Q

Early selection

A

items are selected for further processing before perceptual analysis is completed
only focus on on one side of screen

21
Q

Late selection

A

items are selected for after perceptual analysis, at the level of semantic analysis
after access meanings - process all things either left or right - but only interested in one feature - than focus on

22
Q

Cocktail party effect

A

Dichotic listening
- Little information from unattended ear processed
Early selection based on location

23
Q

Dichotic listening

A

presenting different inputs to each ear

  • Asked to repeat inputs to one ear
  • Little information from unattended ear processed
24
Q

own name effect

A

Attention captured with subject’s name in unattended stream

25
Q

Unattended stream can interfere with

A

memory for attended stream

26
Q

Posner cuing task

A

covert attention to position of a target

27
Q

Endogenous cuing

A

Posner cuing task

28
Q

Exogenous cuing

A

Brief enhancement of response within 50-200 ms of presenting a reflexive cue (e.g. bright light)

29
Q

Inhibition of return

A

inhibiting the return of attention to the cued location

30
Q

Inhibition of return is demonstrated by

A

slower RT and reduced ERP amplitude

31
Q

Visual search

A

finding a specific stimulus in a mix of multiple stimuli

32
Q

Conjunction search

A

a search for an object in an array that combines two or more features

33
Q

Pop-Out search

A

a search for an object in an array that can be identified by one feature

34
Q

Visual attention in conjunction searches modulates

A

visuospatial attention in a similar way to endogenous cuing

35
Q

What is attention?

A

Definition constantly changing
predicated by what we might think is important

36
Q

RAS

A

NA AcH - involved in arousal and vigilance

37
Q

Nicotine theory of why do people vape

A

facilitate selective attention
bind to nicotinic receptors

38
Q

Shape requires

A

integration of what lines where
may need to pay attention to in order to fully process
(compared to theirs such as location, color, number)

39
Q

things with a lot of personal aspects (ex. name)

A

pass through early processing

40
Q

Valid cue

A

target is where cue is

41
Q

Balint’s syndrome

A

bilateral damage to regions of the posterior parietal and occipital cortex that causes a severe disturbance of visual attention and awareness where only one or a small subset of available objects is preceded at any time and is mis located in space

42
Q

Attention influences how we code

A

sensory inputs, store that information, process it, and act on it to survive in a challenging world.

Cog Neuro 2 (8 decks)

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