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Anatomy Alimentary System > Class 3 > Flashcards

Class 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the oesophagus

A

25cm long

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2
Q

How long is the abdominal part of the oesophagus

A

1.25cm long

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3
Q

What is the vertebral level of the oesophagus

A

T10

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4
Q

List the structures that traverse the oesophageal opening

A

Oesophagus
Vagus nerves
L. Inferior phrenic nerve
L. gastric vein

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5
Q

Blood supply of oesophagus

A

Branches of left gastric artery

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6
Q

Venous drainage of oesophagus

A

Left gastric vein

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7
Q

Lymphatic drainage of oesophagus

A

left gastric LN

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8
Q

Name the 2 orifices of the stomach

A

Cardia and Pyloric

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9
Q

Name the 2 curvatures of the stomach

A

Greater and Lesser

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10
Q

Name the 2 surfaces of the stomach

A

Fundus and Body

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11
Q

What is the pyloric Sphincter

A

In between duodenum and pyloric canal

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12
Q

Whats the function of the pyloric sphincter

A

Controls discharge of the stomach contents through pyloric orifice

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13
Q

The pyloric sphincter is formed from the thickening of which layer of gut tube

A

Thickening of the circular layer of smooth muscle

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14
Q

Lesser momentum extends from

A

Lesser curvature to liver

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15
Q

Greater curvature extends from

A

Greater curvature to primal part of duodenum

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16
Q

What are the gastric folds/rugae formed from

A

Gastric mucosa

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17
Q

In which portions of the stomach are rugae most apparent

A

Pyloric part and Greater curvature

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18
Q

Which sphincter controls the discharge of food from the stomach to the duodenum

A

Pyloric sphincter

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19
Q

What structures are located in the stomach bed

A 
Left dome of the diaphragm
Left kidney
Spleen
Suprearenal gland
Colon
Pancreas
Transverse meszocolon
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20
Q

Name the arterial branches that supply the stomach

A 
Celiac trunk
Hepatic artery
R. gastric artery
L. gastric artery
Splenic artery
Left gastro-omental artery
Right gastro-mental artery
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21
Q

Name the venous drainage around the stomach

A

Portal vein
Splenic vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
Superior mesenteric vein

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22
Q

Name the lymphatic drainage around the stomach

A 
Gastric
Pancreaticosplenic
Pancreatico-duodenal
Mesenteric
Gastro-omental
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23
Q

Where do the primary nodes of the stomach drain into

A

Coeliac lymph nodes

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24
Q

What effect does the vagal nerve have on the pylorus

A

Relaxation (inhibitory vagal fibres)

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25
Q

What effect does the vagal nerve have on gastric secretion

A

Stimulatory

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26
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, jejunum, and Ileum

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27
Q

What part of the small intestine receives the opening of the bile and pancreatic duct

A

Duodenum

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28
Q

Where is the foregut/midgut boundary of the small intestine

A

1st and 2nd part of the duodenum

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29
Q

How is the duodenum peritonised

A

Retroperitoneal

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30
Q

How is the jejunum peritonised

A

Intraperitoneal

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31
Q

How is the ileum peritonised

A

Intraperitoneal

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32
Q

What part of the small intestine is the shortest, widest and most fixed part

A

Duodenum

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33
Q 
Describe the:
Colour
Wall
Vascularity
Vasa Recta
Arcades
Fat in mesentery
Circular folds
In the Jejunum
A 
Deeper red
2-4 cm
Greater
Long
After large loops
Less
Large, tall and closely packed
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34
Q 
Describe the:
Colour
Wall
Vascularity
Vasa Recta
Arcades
Fat in mesentery
Circular folds
In the ileum
A 
Paler pink
2-3 cm
Less
Short
Many short loops
More
Low and sparse, absent in distal parts
35
Q

In which part of the small intestine does the arterial arcades have many loops

36
Q

Which part of the autonomic nervous system stimulation reduces the secretion and motility of the intestine and also acts as a vasoconstrictor

A

Sympathetic- splanchnic

37
Q

The large intestine can be distinguished from the small intestine by what features

A

Teniae coli
Haustra
Mental appendices

38
Q

How is the caecum periotonised

A

Intraperitoneal

39
Q

How is the ascending colon peritonised

A

Retroperitoneal

40
Q

How is the transverse colon periotnised

A

Intraperitoneal

41
Q

How is the descending colon peritonised

A

Retroperitoneal

42
Q

How is sigmoid colon peritonised

A

Intraperitoneal

43
Q

What is the midgut/hingut boundary

A

2/3 along transverse colon

44
Q

In which abdominal region is the caecum and appendix located

A

Right iliac fossa

45
Q

Which two structures open into the cavity of the caecum

A

Appendix and ileum

46
Q

What is McBurney’s point and why is it useful clinically

A

Deep tenderness at this point is a sign of appendicitis as it is the most common location of the appendix when it is attached to the caecum

47
Q

Describe the arterial supply, venous drainage and periodisation of the superior 1/3 of the rectum

A

Superior rectal
Superior rectal
Intraperitoneal

48
Q

Describe the arterial supply, venous drainage and periodisation of the middle 1/3 of the rectum

A

R + L middle rectal
Middle rectal
Retroperitoneal

49
Q

Describe the arterial supply, venous drainage and periodisation of the inferior 1/3 of the rectum

A

Inferior rectal
Inferior rectal
None

50
Q

What is the role of the pelvic floor in maintaining faecal incontinence

A

Works with anal sphincter. Automatically gently contracts, closing the anus and preventing any leakage

51
Q

What other structures are involved in faecal continence

A

Rectum and anal canal

52
Q

What is the significance of understanding the differences between visceral and somatic innervation of the anal canal

A

The anal canal is very sensitive to pain below the pectinate line

53
Q

Stomach:
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage

A

Branches of celiac trunk
Portal system
Celiac group of lymph nodes

54
Q

First part of duodenum
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage

A

Branches of celiac trunk
Portal system
Celiac group of lymph nodes

55
Q

Second part of duodenum (below opening if bowel)
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage

A

Inferior pancreatic-duodenal artery
Portal system
Celiac lymph nodes

56
Q

Jejunum
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage

A

Superior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric vein
Superior mesenteric group of veins

57
Q

Ileum
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage

A

Superior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric vein
Superior mesenteric group of veins

58
Q

Cecum & Ascending colon
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage

A

Superior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric vein
Superior mesenteric group of veins

59
Q

Right 2/3rd of Transverse colon
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage

A

Superior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric vein
Superior mesenteric group of veins

60
Q

Left 1/3rd of Transverse colon and Descending colon
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage

A

Inferior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric vein
Inferior mesenteric group of lymph nodes

61
Q

Sigmoid Colon
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage

A

Inferior mesenteric artery
Portal System
Inferior mesenteric group of lymph nodes

62
Q

The hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments are part of the

A

lesser omentum

63
Q

What is the falciform ligament and what structures lie within its free border

A

A ligament that attaches the liver to the front body wall

Round ligament- ligamentum teres, the remnant of the umbilical vein.

64
Q

How many layers of peritoneum are present in the greater omentum

65
Q

Why is the abdominal momentum often called the abdominal policeman

A

In infection inflammatory exudate causes the momentum to adhere to site of infection and wrap itself around infected organ

66
Q

What are the paracolic gutters

A

Spaces between the colon and abdominal wall

67
Q

Where are paracolic gutters found in relation to the large intestine

68
Q

Why is it important to know where the paracolic gutters are

A

They allow a passage for infectious fluids for different. compartments of the abdomen

69
Q

List 3 abdominal viscera which lie in the free edge of a double layer of peritoneum

A

Pancreas, small intestine, colon

70
Q

What muscle types form the muscular external in the oesophagus

A

Smooth muscle- circular

Skeletal muscle- longitudinal

71
Q

What kind of epithelium is the surface epithelium

A

Stratified squamous

72
Q

What type of muscle is the muscular mucosae

A

Smooth muscle

73
Q

What are the large folds present in the wall of the stomach

74
Q

What secretory cells are located in the gastric pits

A

Parietal cell, Chief cells, G cells, ECL cells

75
Q

What are the large folds that you can see extending into the lumen called in the small intestine

A

Plicae circulares

76
Q

What are the finger-like processes on the large folds of the small intestine

77
Q

What kind of epithelium is on the mucosal surface of the small intestine

A

Simple columnar

78
Q

What kind of muscle is in the muscular mucosa of the small intestine

A

Smooth muscle

79
Q

Where along the gut tube, do glands extend down beyond the muscular mucosae into the submucosa

A

Oesophagus

80
Q

What is the predominant cell present in the surface epithelium of the colon

A

Absorptive columnar cells and mucus secreting goblet cells

81
Q

What is the transplyloric plane

A

Plane between jugular notch and pubic symphysis

82
Q

How would you located the transpyloric plane on a patient

A

Located a hands breadth beneath the xiphoid process

83
Q

List the structures that lie in the transpyloric plane

A 
Pylorus of stomach
Neck of pancreas
Duodenal flexure
Fundus of gallbladder
Hilar of kidney

Anatomy Alimentary System (4 decks)

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