Class 3 Flashcards
1
Q
How long is the oesophagus
A
25cm long
2
Q
How long is the abdominal part of the oesophagus
A
1.25cm long
3
Q
What is the vertebral level of the oesophagus
A
T10
4
Q
List the structures that traverse the oesophageal opening
A
Oesophagus
Vagus nerves
L. Inferior phrenic nerve
L. gastric vein
5
Q
Blood supply of oesophagus
A
Branches of left gastric artery
6
Q
Venous drainage of oesophagus
A
Left gastric vein
7
Q
Lymphatic drainage of oesophagus
A
left gastric LN
8
Q
Name the 2 orifices of the stomach
A
Cardia and Pyloric
9
Q
Name the 2 curvatures of the stomach
A
Greater and Lesser
10
Q
Name the 2 surfaces of the stomach
A
Fundus and Body
11
Q
What is the pyloric Sphincter
A
In between duodenum and pyloric canal
12
Q
Whats the function of the pyloric sphincter
A
Controls discharge of the stomach contents through pyloric orifice
13
Q
The pyloric sphincter is formed from the thickening of which layer of gut tube
A
Thickening of the circular layer of smooth muscle
14
Q
Lesser momentum extends from
A
Lesser curvature to liver
15
Q
Greater curvature extends from
A
Greater curvature to primal part of duodenum
16
Q
What are the gastric folds/rugae formed from
A
Gastric mucosa
17
Q
In which portions of the stomach are rugae most apparent
A
Pyloric part and Greater curvature
18
Q
Which sphincter controls the discharge of food from the stomach to the duodenum
A
Pyloric sphincter
19
Q
What structures are located in the stomach bed
A
Left dome of the diaphragm Left kidney Spleen Suprearenal gland Colon Pancreas Transverse meszocolon
20
Q
Name the arterial branches that supply the stomach
A
Celiac trunk Hepatic artery R. gastric artery L. gastric artery Splenic artery Left gastro-omental artery Right gastro-mental artery
21
Q
Name the venous drainage around the stomach
A
Portal vein
Splenic vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
Superior mesenteric vein
22
Q
Name the lymphatic drainage around the stomach
A
Gastric Pancreaticosplenic Pancreatico-duodenal Mesenteric Gastro-omental
23
Q
Where do the primary nodes of the stomach drain into
A
Coeliac lymph nodes
24
Q
What effect does the vagal nerve have on the pylorus
A
Relaxation (inhibitory vagal fibres)
25
What effect does the vagal nerve have on gastric secretion
Stimulatory
26
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine
Duodenum, jejunum, and Ileum
27
What part of the small intestine receives the opening of the bile and pancreatic duct
Duodenum
28
Where is the foregut/midgut boundary of the small intestine
1st and 2nd part of the duodenum
29
How is the duodenum peritonised
Retroperitoneal
30
How is the jejunum peritonised
Intraperitoneal
31
How is the ileum peritonised
Intraperitoneal
32
What part of the small intestine is the shortest, widest and most fixed part
Duodenum
33
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Describe the:
Colour
Wall
Vascularity
Vasa Recta
Arcades
Fat in mesentery
Circular folds
In the Jejunum
```
```
Deeper red
2-4 cm
Greater
Long
After large loops
Less
Large, tall and closely packed
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34
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Describe the:
Colour
Wall
Vascularity
Vasa Recta
Arcades
Fat in mesentery
Circular folds
In the ileum
```
```
Paler pink
2-3 cm
Less
Short
Many short loops
More
Low and sparse, absent in distal parts
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35
In which part of the small intestine does the arterial arcades have many loops
Ileum
36
Which part of the autonomic nervous system stimulation reduces the secretion and motility of the intestine and also acts as a vasoconstrictor
Sympathetic- splanchnic
37
The large intestine can be distinguished from the small intestine by what features
Teniae coli
Haustra
Mental appendices
38
How is the caecum periotonised
Intraperitoneal
39
How is the ascending colon peritonised
Retroperitoneal
40
How is the transverse colon periotnised
Intraperitoneal
41
How is the descending colon peritonised
Retroperitoneal
42
How is sigmoid colon peritonised
Intraperitoneal
43
What is the midgut/hingut boundary
2/3 along transverse colon
44
In which abdominal region is the caecum and appendix located
Right iliac fossa
45
Which two structures open into the cavity of the caecum
Appendix and ileum
46
What is McBurney's point and why is it useful clinically
Deep tenderness at this point is a sign of appendicitis as it is the most common location of the appendix when it is attached to the caecum
47
Describe the arterial supply, venous drainage and periodisation of the superior 1/3 of the rectum
Superior rectal
Superior rectal
Intraperitoneal
48
Describe the arterial supply, venous drainage and periodisation of the middle 1/3 of the rectum
R + L middle rectal
Middle rectal
Retroperitoneal
49
Describe the arterial supply, venous drainage and periodisation of the inferior 1/3 of the rectum
Inferior rectal
Inferior rectal
None
50
What is the role of the pelvic floor in maintaining faecal incontinence
Works with anal sphincter. Automatically gently contracts, closing the anus and preventing any leakage
51
What other structures are involved in faecal continence
Rectum and anal canal
52
What is the significance of understanding the differences between visceral and somatic innervation of the anal canal
The anal canal is very sensitive to pain below the pectinate line
53
Stomach:
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage
Branches of celiac trunk
Portal system
Celiac group of lymph nodes
54
First part of duodenum
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage
Branches of celiac trunk
Portal system
Celiac group of lymph nodes
55
Second part of duodenum (below opening if bowel)
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage
Inferior pancreatic-duodenal artery
Portal system
Celiac lymph nodes
56
Jejunum
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage
Superior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric vein
Superior mesenteric group of veins
57
Ileum
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage
Superior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric vein
Superior mesenteric group of veins
58
Cecum & Ascending colon
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage
Superior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric vein
Superior mesenteric group of veins
59
Right 2/3rd of Transverse colon
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage
Superior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric vein
Superior mesenteric group of veins
60
Left 1/3rd of Transverse colon and Descending colon
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage
Inferior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric vein
Inferior mesenteric group of lymph nodes
61
Sigmoid Colon
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage
Inferior mesenteric artery
Portal System
Inferior mesenteric group of lymph nodes
62
The hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments are part of the
lesser omentum
63
What is the falciform ligament and what structures lie within its free border
A ligament that attaches the liver to the front body wall
| Round ligament- ligamentum teres, the remnant of the umbilical vein.
64
How many layers of peritoneum are present in the greater omentum
4 layers
65
Why is the abdominal momentum often called the abdominal policeman
In infection inflammatory exudate causes the momentum to adhere to site of infection and wrap itself around infected organ
66
What are the paracolic gutters
Spaces between the colon and abdominal wall
67
Where are paracolic gutters found in relation to the large intestine
Lateral
68
Why is it important to know where the paracolic gutters are
They allow a passage for infectious fluids for different. compartments of the abdomen
69
List 3 abdominal viscera which lie in the free edge of a double layer of peritoneum
Pancreas, small intestine, colon
70
What muscle types form the muscular external in the oesophagus
Smooth muscle- circular
| Skeletal muscle- longitudinal
71
What kind of epithelium is the surface epithelium
Stratified squamous
72
What type of muscle is the muscular mucosae
Smooth muscle
73
What are the large folds present in the wall of the stomach
Rugae
74
What secretory cells are located in the gastric pits
Parietal cell, Chief cells, G cells, ECL cells
75
What are the large folds that you can see extending into the lumen called in the small intestine
Plicae circulares
76
What are the finger-like processes on the large folds of the small intestine
Villi
77
What kind of epithelium is on the mucosal surface of the small intestine
Simple columnar
78
What kind of muscle is in the muscular mucosa of the small intestine
Smooth muscle
79
Where along the gut tube, do glands extend down beyond the muscular mucosae into the submucosa
Oesophagus
80
What is the predominant cell present in the surface epithelium of the colon
Absorptive columnar cells and mucus secreting goblet cells
81
What is the transplyloric plane
Plane between jugular notch and pubic symphysis
82
How would you located the transpyloric plane on a patient
Located a hands breadth beneath the xiphoid process
83
List the structures that lie in the transpyloric plane
```
Pylorus of stomach
Neck of pancreas
Duodenal flexure
Fundus of gallbladder
Hilar of kidney
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