Class 1 Flashcards
Name the 4 quadrants
RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ
What are the two imaginary lines used to divide the abdomen into 4 quadrants
Transumbilical and Median line
What are the 9 regions of the abdomen
Right Hypochondriac Left Hypochondriac Epigastric Umbilical Right Flank Left Flank Right Inguinal Left Inguinal Hypogastric/Pubic
What are the imaginary lines used to divide the abdomen into 9
Right and left midclavicular line
Transtubercular
Subcostal
What organs are located in the right hypochondriac
Liver
Small intestine
Right Kidney
What organs are located in the epigastric region
Stomach Liver Pancreas Duodenum Spleen Adrenal gland
What organs are located in the left hypochondriac
Spleen
Colon
Left Kidney
Pancreas
What organs are located in the right lumbar
Gallbladder
Liver
Right colon
What organs are located in the umbilical
Naval
Part of small intestine (duodenum)
What organs are located in the left lumbar
Desendng colon
Sigmoid colon
Small intestine
What organs are located in the right inguinal region
Caecum
Appendix
What organs are located in the hypogastric region
Urinary bladder
Sigmoid colon
Female reproductive organs
What organs are located in the left inguinal region
Descending colon
Sigmoid
Small intestine
Action of external oblique
Compress and support abdominal viscera
Flex and rotate trunk
Innervation of external oblique
T7-11 (anterior rami)
Subcostal nerve
Action of Internal oblique
Compress and support abdominal viscera
Flex and rotate trunk
Innervation of internal oblique
T7-11 (anterior rami)
1st lumbar nerve
Action of Transversus Abdominis
Compress and supports abdominal viscera
Innervation of Transversus abdominis
T7-11 (anterior rami)
1st lumbar nerve
Action of Rectus abdominis
Flexes trunk and compress viscera
Stabilises and controls tilt of pelvis
Innervation of Rectus abdominis
Thoracoabdominal nerves
Muscle and Facia of Abdomen
Rectus abdominis Internal and External oblique Transversus abdominis Linea alba Linea semilunaris
all 3 muscles aponeurosis are anterior of rectus abdominis__
below the level of the umbilicus
Internal and external oblique muscle fascia is anterior to the rectus abdominis____
Above the level of umbilicus
What is the rectus sheath
Interlaced aponeurosis of the flat abdominal muscle
What is the rectus sheath made up of
Aponeuroses of external, internal oblique muscles and transverses abdominis
What is an aponeurosis
A sheet of white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in that muscle
Above the umbilicus the anterior layer of the rectus sheath is
The aponeurosis for the internal and external muscle
Below the umbilicus the anterior layer of the rectus sheath is
The aponeurosis for the internal, external oblique muscle and the transversus abdominis
At what vertebral level is the position of the umbilicus on the abdominal wall
L3-L4, it is not a good surface landmark as position varies amongst individuals
What thoracic spinal segments innervate the anterior abdominal walls
T7-T11
(T12)- subcostal
What dermatome supplies the level of the umbilicus
T10
How long is the inguinal canal and where does it lie
4cm, parallel to and above the medial half of the inguinal ligament
The inguinal ligament is attached to which two bony points of the hip bone
Pubic tubercle and iliac spine
The anterior wall of the inguinal canal is made out of
The external oblique aponeurosis
Lateral part of wall is made out of internal oblique aponeurosis
The posterior wall of the inguinal canal is made out of the
Transversus fascia
The floor of the inguinal canal is formed
Laterally b the iliopubic tract
Centrally by superior surface of inguinal ligament
Medially by the lacunar ligament
‘The roof of the inguinal canal is formed laterally
Transversalis fascia
Centrally by musculo-aponeurotic arches of internal oblique and transverses abdomens
Medially by the medial crus of the external oblique aponeurosis
What is the relationship of deep inguinal ring to the inferior epigastric vessel
Lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
Where does the superficial ring lie in relation to the pubic tubercle
Posterior
What are the superior and inferior epigastric vessels branches of
Superiorly: internal thoracic artery
Inferiorly: external iliac
Male contents of inguinal canal
Spermatic cord
Ilioguinal nerve
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Female contents of inguinal canal
Round ligament of the uterus
Ilioguinal nerve
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
What layers make the mucosa
Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae
What are the 4 functional layers of the gut tube
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Adventitia/serous
What mucosal type is found in the oesophagus
Stratified squamous epithelium
What mucosal type is found in the stomach
Simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands
What mucosal type is found in the small intestines
Simple columnar epithelium with villi with short glands
What mucosal type is found in large intestines
Closely packed straight glands with goblet cells
