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Anatomy Alimentary System > Class 1 > Flashcards

Class 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 quadrants

A

RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ

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2
Q

What are the two imaginary lines used to divide the abdomen into 4 quadrants

A

Transumbilical and Median line

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3
Q

What are the 9 regions of the abdomen

A 
Right Hypochondriac
Left Hypochondriac
Epigastric 
Umbilical
Right Flank
Left Flank
Right Inguinal
Left Inguinal
Hypogastric/Pubic
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4
Q

What are the imaginary lines used to divide the abdomen into 9

A

Right and left midclavicular line
Transtubercular
Subcostal

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5
Q

What organs are located in the right hypochondriac

A

Liver
Small intestine
Right Kidney

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6
Q

What organs are located in the epigastric region

A 
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Duodenum
Spleen
Adrenal gland
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7
Q

What organs are located in the left hypochondriac

A

Spleen
Colon
Left Kidney
Pancreas

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8
Q

What organs are located in the right lumbar

A

Gallbladder
Liver
Right colon

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9
Q

What organs are located in the umbilical

A

Naval

Part of small intestine (duodenum)

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10
Q

What organs are located in the left lumbar

A

Desendng colon
Sigmoid colon
Small intestine

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11
Q

What organs are located in the right inguinal region

A

Caecum

Appendix

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12
Q

What organs are located in the hypogastric region

A

Urinary bladder
Sigmoid colon
Female reproductive organs

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13
Q

What organs are located in the left inguinal region

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid
Small intestine

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14
Q

Action of external oblique

A

Compress and support abdominal viscera

Flex and rotate trunk

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15
Q

Innervation of external oblique

A

T7-11 (anterior rami)

Subcostal nerve

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16
Q

Action of Internal oblique

A

Compress and support abdominal viscera

Flex and rotate trunk

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17
Q

Innervation of internal oblique

A

T7-11 (anterior rami)

1st lumbar nerve

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18
Q

Action of Transversus Abdominis

A

Compress and supports abdominal viscera

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19
Q

Innervation of Transversus abdominis

A

T7-11 (anterior rami)

1st lumbar nerve

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20
Q

Action of Rectus abdominis

A

Flexes trunk and compress viscera

Stabilises and controls tilt of pelvis

21
Q

Innervation of Rectus abdominis

A

Thoracoabdominal nerves

22
Q

Muscle and Facia of Abdomen

A 
Rectus abdominis
Internal and External oblique
Transversus abdominis
Linea alba
Linea semilunaris
23
Q

all 3 muscles aponeurosis are anterior of rectus abdominis__

A

below the level of the umbilicus

24
Q

Internal and external oblique muscle fascia is anterior to the rectus abdominis____

A

Above the level of umbilicus

25
Q

What is the rectus sheath

A

Interlaced aponeurosis of the flat abdominal muscle

26
Q

What is the rectus sheath made up of

A

Aponeuroses of external, internal oblique muscles and transverses abdominis

27
Q

What is an aponeurosis

A

A sheet of white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in that muscle

28
Q

Above the umbilicus the anterior layer of the rectus sheath is

A

The aponeurosis for the internal and external muscle

29
Q

Below the umbilicus the anterior layer of the rectus sheath is

A

The aponeurosis for the internal, external oblique muscle and the transversus abdominis

30
Q

At what vertebral level is the position of the umbilicus on the abdominal wall

A

L3-L4, it is not a good surface landmark as position varies amongst individuals

31
Q

What thoracic spinal segments innervate the anterior abdominal walls

A

T7-T11

(T12)- subcostal

32
Q

What dermatome supplies the level of the umbilicus

A

T10

33
Q

How long is the inguinal canal and where does it lie

A

4cm, parallel to and above the medial half of the inguinal ligament

34
Q

The inguinal ligament is attached to which two bony points of the hip bone

A

Pubic tubercle and iliac spine

35
Q

The anterior wall of the inguinal canal is made out of

A

The external oblique aponeurosis

Lateral part of wall is made out of internal oblique aponeurosis

36
Q

The posterior wall of the inguinal canal is made out of the

A

Transversus fascia

37
Q

The floor of the inguinal canal is formed

A

Laterally b the iliopubic tract
Centrally by superior surface of inguinal ligament
Medially by the lacunar ligament

38
Q

‘The roof of the inguinal canal is formed laterally

A

Transversalis fascia
Centrally by musculo-aponeurotic arches of internal oblique and transverses abdomens
Medially by the medial crus of the external oblique aponeurosis

39
Q

What is the relationship of deep inguinal ring to the inferior epigastric vessel

A

Lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

40
Q

Where does the superficial ring lie in relation to the pubic tubercle

A

Posterior

41
Q

What are the superior and inferior epigastric vessels branches of

A

Superiorly: internal thoracic artery
Inferiorly: external iliac

42
Q

Male contents of inguinal canal

A

Spermatic cord
Ilioguinal nerve
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

43
Q

Female contents of inguinal canal

A

Round ligament of the uterus
Ilioguinal nerve
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

44
Q

What layers make the mucosa

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

45
Q

What are the 4 functional layers of the gut tube

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Adventitia/serous

46
Q

What mucosal type is found in the oesophagus

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

47
Q

What mucosal type is found in the stomach

A

Simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands

48
Q

What mucosal type is found in the small intestines

A

Simple columnar epithelium with villi with short glands

49
Q

What mucosal type is found in large intestines

A

Closely packed straight glands with goblet cells

Anatomy Alimentary System (4 decks)

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