Class 1 Flashcards by Jessica Eze

Name the 4 quadrants

RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ

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What are the two imaginary lines used to divide the abdomen into 4 quadrants

Transumbilical and Median line

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What are the 9 regions of the abdomen

Right Hypochondriac
Left Hypochondriac
Epigastric 
Umbilical
Right Flank
Left Flank
Right Inguinal
Left Inguinal
Hypogastric/Pubic

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What are the imaginary lines used to divide the abdomen into 9

Right and left midclavicular line
Transtubercular
Subcostal

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What organs are located in the right hypochondriac

Liver
Small intestine
Right Kidney

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What organs are located in the epigastric region

Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Duodenum
Spleen
Adrenal gland

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What organs are located in the left hypochondriac

Spleen
Colon
Left Kidney
Pancreas

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What organs are located in the right lumbar

Gallbladder
Liver
Right colon

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What organs are located in the umbilical

Naval

Part of small intestine (duodenum)

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What organs are located in the left lumbar

Desendng colon
Sigmoid colon
Small intestine

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What organs are located in the right inguinal region

Caecum

Appendix

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What organs are located in the hypogastric region

Urinary bladder
Sigmoid colon
Female reproductive organs

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What organs are located in the left inguinal region

Descending colon
Sigmoid
Small intestine

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Action of external oblique

Compress and support abdominal viscera

Flex and rotate trunk

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Innervation of external oblique

T7-11 (anterior rami)

Subcostal nerve

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Action of Internal oblique

Compress and support abdominal viscera

Flex and rotate trunk

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Innervation of internal oblique

T7-11 (anterior rami)

1st lumbar nerve

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Action of Transversus Abdominis

Compress and supports abdominal viscera

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Innervation of Transversus abdominis

T7-11 (anterior rami)

1st lumbar nerve

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Action of Rectus abdominis

Flexes trunk and compress viscera

Stabilises and controls tilt of pelvis

Innervation of Rectus abdominis

Thoracoabdominal nerves

Muscle and Facia of Abdomen

Rectus abdominis
Internal and External oblique
Transversus abdominis
Linea alba
Linea semilunaris

all 3 muscles aponeurosis are anterior of rectus abdominis__

below the level of the umbilicus

Internal and external oblique muscle fascia is anterior to the rectus abdominis____

Above the level of umbilicus

What is the rectus sheath

Interlaced aponeurosis of the flat abdominal muscle

What is the rectus sheath made up of

Aponeuroses of external, internal oblique muscles and transverses abdominis

What is an aponeurosis

A sheet of white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in that muscle

Above the umbilicus the anterior layer of the rectus sheath is

The aponeurosis for the internal and external muscle

Below the umbilicus the anterior layer of the rectus sheath is

The aponeurosis for the internal, external oblique muscle and the transversus abdominis

At what vertebral level is the position of the umbilicus on the abdominal wall

L3-L4, it is not a good surface landmark as position varies amongst individuals

What thoracic spinal segments innervate the anterior abdominal walls

T7-T11 | (T12)- subcostal

What dermatome supplies the level of the umbilicus

T10

How long is the inguinal canal and where does it lie

4cm, parallel to and above the medial half of the inguinal ligament

The inguinal ligament is attached to which two bony points of the hip bone

Pubic tubercle and iliac spine

The anterior wall of the inguinal canal is made out of

The external oblique aponeurosis | Lateral part of wall is made out of internal oblique aponeurosis

The posterior wall of the inguinal canal is made out of the

Transversus fascia

The floor of the inguinal canal is formed

Laterally b the iliopubic tract Centrally by superior surface of inguinal ligament Medially by the lacunar ligament

'The roof of the inguinal canal is formed laterally

Transversalis fascia Centrally by musculo-aponeurotic arches of internal oblique and transverses abdomens Medially by the medial crus of the external oblique aponeurosis

What is the relationship of deep inguinal ring to the inferior epigastric vessel

Lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

Where does the superficial ring lie in relation to the pubic tubercle

Posterior

What are the superior and inferior epigastric vessels branches of

Superiorly: internal thoracic artery Inferiorly: external iliac

Male contents of inguinal canal

Spermatic cord Ilioguinal nerve Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

Female contents of inguinal canal

Round ligament of the uterus Ilioguinal nerve Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

What layers make the mucosa

Epithelium Lamina propria Muscularis mucosae

What are the 4 functional layers of the gut tube

Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externa Adventitia/serous

What mucosal type is found in the oesophagus

Stratified squamous epithelium

What mucosal type is found in the stomach

Simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands

What mucosal type is found in the small intestines

Simple columnar epithelium with villi with short glands

What mucosal type is found in large intestines

Closely packed straight glands with goblet cells