Class 2 Flashcards
What are the 2 subdivisions of the peritoneum
Parietal and Visceral
Define the peritoneal cavity
Within the abdominal cavity and continue into the pelvic cavity
In term of sacs what are the 2 major divisions of the peritoneal cavity
Greater sac Lesser sac (omental bursa)
Through which passage do these two sacs communicate
Omental Foramen/Epiploic Foramen
Name 4 retroperitoneal organs
Kidneys
Abdominal aorta
IVC
Rectum
Name 4 Intraperitoneal organs
Stomach
Spleen
Appendix
Liver, gallbladder
What is preset in the peritoneal cavity
Peritoneal fluid
Which layer of the peritoneum is more sensitive to pressure, pain, heat & cold
Parietal
What are the attachments of the greater omentum
Greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
What are the attachments of the lesser omentum
Liver to stomach (heptogastric)
The parietal peritoneum lining is innervated by
The lower 6 thoracic nerves and L1- pain is somatic
The visceral peritoneum is innervated by
autonomic nerves- pain is dull and often referred and poor localised
Abdominal wall muscles
Quadratus lumborum
Transversus abdomini
Psoas Major/Minor
Nerves of the abdominal wall
Obrator nerve
Sciatic Nerve
Genital
Femoral
What are the 3 major openings in the diaphragm
IVC, Oesophagus, Aorta
At what vertebral level does the IVC occur
T8
At what vertebral level does the oesophagus occur
T10
At what vertebral level does the Aorta occur
T12
What are the 3 main branches of the abdominal aorta which supplies blood to the gut tube
Celiac, inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric
How is the inferior vena cava formed in the abdomen
By the joining of the left and right common iliac veins
At what vertebral levels do these 3 midline branches occur
T12-Celiac
L3- Inferior
L1-Superior
Foregut structures
Oesophagus, spleen, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, first part of duodenum
Midgut Structures
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum, appendix, ascending colon, caecum
Hindgut Structures
Distal transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal
Name additional foregut and midgut derived organs which are not part of the gut tube
Lung and Trachea
Venous drainage of gut
hepatic portal vein
Splenic vein
Superior mesenteric vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
What is a portal system
System of blood vessels that begins and ends in capillaries
What are the 4 sites of portocaval anastomosis in the body
Distal oesophagus
Rectal
Paraumbilical and small epigastric
Colic (portal) and retroperitoneal
What is the clinical significance of these portocaval anastomoses
Provide collateral circulation in cases of obstruction in the hepatic portal vein of the liver
Sympathetic nerve supply of abdominal viscera
Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia
Abdominal aortic plexus
Parasympathetic nerve supply of abdominal viscera
Anterior and posterior vagal trunks (vagus nerve-10th cranial nerve)
pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2,S3 and S4)
What effect of vagotomy on gastric secretion
Inhibitory
Where do the kidneys lie (vertebral)
T12-L3
The right kidney lies slightly lower at a lower level than the left kidney because of
the liver
What is the anterior to posterior arrangement of the structures entering and leaving the hilum kidney
Renal vein is anterior to the renal artery, which is anterior to the pelvis
How are the kidney peritonised
Enclosed by a membranous layer of renal fat retroperitoneal
What is the term used to describe the expanded upper part of the ureter
Renal pelvis
The ureter is normally constricted at 3 locations during its course from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Pelviureteric junction
Crossing external iliac vessels
As ureter passes bladder wall
