Class 2

Question 1

What are the 2 subdivisions of the peritoneum

Answer 1

Parietal and Visceral

Question 2

Define the peritoneal cavity

Answer 2

Within the abdominal cavity and continue into the pelvic cavity

Question 3

In term of sacs what are the 2 major divisions of the peritoneal cavity

Answer 3

Greater sac
Lesser sac (omental bursa)

Question 4

Through which passage do these two sacs communicate

Answer 4

Omental Foramen/Epiploic Foramen

Question 5

Name 4 retroperitoneal organs

Answer 5

Kidneys
Abdominal aorta
IVC
Rectum

Question 6

Name 4 Intraperitoneal organs

Answer 6

Stomach
Spleen
Appendix
Liver, gallbladder

Question 7

What is preset in the peritoneal cavity

Answer 7

Peritoneal fluid

Question 8

Which layer of the peritoneum is more sensitive to pressure, pain, heat & cold

Answer 8

Parietal

Question 9

What are the attachments of the greater omentum

Answer 9

Greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon

Question 10

What are the attachments of the lesser omentum

Answer 10

Liver to stomach (heptogastric)

Question 11

The parietal peritoneum lining is innervated by

Answer 11

The lower 6 thoracic nerves and L1- pain is somatic

Question 12

The visceral peritoneum is innervated by

Answer 12

autonomic nerves- pain is dull and often referred and poor localised

Question 13

Abdominal wall muscles

Answer 13

Quadratus lumborum
Transversus abdomini
Psoas Major/Minor

Question 14

Nerves of the abdominal wall

Answer 14

Obrator nerve
Sciatic Nerve
Genital
Femoral

Question 15

What are the 3 major openings in the diaphragm

Answer 15

IVC, Oesophagus, Aorta

Question 16

At what vertebral level does the IVC occur

Answer 16

T8

Question 17

At what vertebral level does the oesophagus occur

Answer 17

T10

Question 18

At what vertebral level does the Aorta occur

Answer 18

T12

Question 19

What are the 3 main branches of the abdominal aorta which supplies blood to the gut tube

Answer 19

Celiac, inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric

Question 20

How is the inferior vena cava formed in the abdomen

Answer 20

By the joining of the left and right common iliac veins

Question 21

At what vertebral levels do these 3 midline branches occur

Answer 21

T12-Celiac
L3- Inferior
L1-Superior

Question 22

Foregut structures

Answer 22

Oesophagus, spleen, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, first part of duodenum

Question 23

Midgut Structures

Answer 23

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum, appendix, ascending colon, caecum

Question 24

Hindgut Structures

Answer 24

Distal transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal

Question 25

Name additional foregut and midgut derived organs which are not part of the gut tube

Answer 25

Lung and Trachea

Question 26

Venous drainage of gut

Answer 26

hepatic portal vein Splenic vein Superior mesenteric vein Inferior mesenteric vein

Question 27

What is a portal system

Answer 27

System of blood vessels that begins and ends in capillaries

Question 28

What are the 4 sites of portocaval anastomosis in the body

Answer 28

Distal oesophagus Rectal Paraumbilical and small epigastric Colic (portal) and retroperitoneal

Question 29

What is the clinical significance of these portocaval anastomoses

Answer 29

Provide collateral circulation in cases of obstruction in the hepatic portal vein of the liver

Question 30

Sympathetic nerve supply of abdominal viscera

Answer 30

Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia Abdominal aortic plexus

Question 31

Parasympathetic nerve supply of abdominal viscera

Answer 31

Anterior and posterior vagal trunks (vagus nerve-10th cranial nerve) pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2,S3 and S4)

Question 32

What effect of vagotomy on gastric secretion

Answer 32

Inhibitory

Question 33

Where do the kidneys lie (vertebral)

Answer 33

T12-L3

Question 34

The right kidney lies slightly lower at a lower level than the left kidney because of

Answer 34

the liver

Question 35

What is the anterior to posterior arrangement of the structures entering and leaving the hilum kidney

Answer 35

Renal vein is anterior to the renal artery, which is anterior to the pelvis

Question 36

How are the kidney peritonised

Answer 36

Enclosed by a membranous layer of renal fat retroperitoneal

Question 37

What is the term used to describe the expanded upper part of the ureter

Answer 37

Renal pelvis

Question 38

The ureter is normally constricted at 3 locations during its course from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Answer 38

Pelviureteric junction Crossing external iliac vessels As ureter passes bladder wall