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Nursing > Class 24- Nutrition/Metabolism > Flashcards

Class 24- Nutrition/Metabolism Flashcards

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0
Q

Orange veg (e, n, p)

A

Sweet potatoes, carrots, pumpkin
Anti-oxidants, beta-carotene
Decreased cancer risk, protection of eye and vision

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1
Q

Green leafy veg (examples, nutrients, properties)

A

Spinach, kale, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce, mustard and collard greens, Swiss chard

Folic acid, B vitamins, vitamin A, E, K, Mg, calcium, iron, antioxidants (carotenoids)

Decreased cardiac risks, decreased cancer risks (breast, skin, lung and stomach)

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2
Q

Cruciferous

A

Cabbage, bok Choy, broccoli, kale, cauliflower, brussel sprouts
Fibers, vitamin c, calcium
Detoxify the body, decreased cancer risks (lung, stomach, and colorectal)

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3
Q

Legumes (e, n, p)

A

Beans, lentils, chick peas
Fibers, iron, b vitamins, mg, phosphorous, zinc, healthy low-fat proteins
Lowers bad cholesterol, raises good cholesterol, decreased cardiac risks, suppresses hunger, stabilizes blood sugar

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4
Q

Tomatoes (e, n, p)

A

Tomatoes, ketchup, tomato sauce
Lycopene
Prostate health, support immune system, decreased cardiac risks

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5
Q

Soy (e, n, p)

A

Soy milk, tofu, soy based burgers and hot dogs
Fibers, antioxidants, calcium
Lower cholesterol and blood sugar, cancer fighting properties

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6
Q

Berries (e, n, p)

A

Blueberries, blackberries, strawberries, raspberries
Nutritional powerhouse, fibers, antioxidants, low calories
Anti-cancer properties, anti-aging

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7
Q

Citrus (e, n, p)

A

Oranges, grapefruits, tangerine
Vitamin C, folate, limonoids
Supports immune system, limonoids have anti-cancer properties

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8
Q

Whole grains (e, n, p)

A

Whole wheat, barley, brown rice, wild rice, oats, couscous
Fibers, B vitamins, Folic acid, Mg, iron, zinc
Helps prevent weight gain and diabetes, promote satiety, GI health, decrease cardiac risks

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9
Q

Nuts and seeds (e, n, p)

A

Almonds, walnuts, flaxseeds, sunflower seeds
Fibers, proteins, healthy fats (omega 3 and 6), seeds contain phytoestrogens
Lower cholesterol, promote satiety, flaxseeds help menopausal symptoms, balancing effect on hormones

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10
Q

Fatty fish (e, n, p)

A

Salmon, tuna, sardines, mackerel
Omega 3
Heart health, improves autoimmune diseases, improves depression and mental well being, decreased cancer risks

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11
Q

Non-fat yogurt (e, n, p)

A

Non-fat plain yogurt
calcium, lactose, lactobacilli
Bone health, GI tract health

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12
Q

Green tea (n, p)

A

Antioxidants

Anti-aging, strengthens immune system, teeth protection, cancer and heart disease protection

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13
Q

Red wine (n, p)

A

Antioxidants (mostly resveratol)

Raises good cholesterol, decreases risk of clotting, anti-cancer properties

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14
Q

Cocoa (e, n, p)

A

Chocolate (especially dark), do not drink milk with it!!
Antioxidants
Lower blood pressure, decrease risk of clotting, anti-aging and stress relieving, health benefits negated by milk

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15
Q

How to estimate energy and caloric needs…

A

1) BEE 25 kcal/kg

2) TEE = BEE x stress/activity factor

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16
Q

Fluid requirements for adults

A

30 to 45 ml/kg per day

1 to 2 ml for each calorie of energy expenditure (TEE)

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17
Q

Goals of Healthy People 2020 (nutrition)

A

Decrease rate of obesity in adults and children
Reduce sodium intake
Increase fiber intake
Increase consumption of fruits and vegetables

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18
Q

What is the proper sodium intake?

A

2,300mg for 50% of population

1,500mg for those over 51, African Americans, or HTN, diabetes or chronic kidney disease (other 50%)

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19
Q

Guidelines for sat. fat.

A

< 10% of calories

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20
Q

Guidelines for cholesterol

A

Less than 300mg a day

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21
Q

Dietary reductions

A 
Sat fats
Cholesterol
Transfers, solid fats
Calories from sugar and solid fats
Refined grains
Alcohol (1 drink for women, 2 for men)
44
Q

Special dietary considerations for women capable of getting pregnant or pregnant

A

Foods rich in heme iron and vitamin C
400mcg Folic acid daily
8 to 12 oz of low mercury fishes

45
Q

Special dietary considerations for people over 50

A

Vitamin B12 rich foods (cereals and supplements)

46
Q

Guidelines for physical activity

A

2.5 hours a week of moderate intensity or 75min of vigorous intensity
Additional benefits 5 hours of moderate intensity or 2.5 hours of vigorous intensity

47
Q

Physical activity for children

A

60 min or more every day
Muscle strengthening on at least 3 days
Bone strengthening on at lest 3 days

48
Q

MyPlate recommendations

A 
Veg- 2.5 cups daily
Fruit- 2 cups
3 or more oz of whole grains
3 oz of low fat milk or equivalent
Lean sources of protein
49
Q

3 types of omega 3 fatty acids

A

EPA
DHA in cold water fish
ALA in dark leafy veggies, flaxseeds, veg oils, walnuts

50
Q

Omega 6 fatty acids

A

Veg oils, corn, safflower, soybean

51
Q

Purpose of omega 6 fatty acids

A

Relieves aches and pains of arthritis
Relieves discomforts of PMS, endometriosis, fibrocystic breasts
Reduces symptoms of eczema and psoriasis
Clears up acne and rosacea
Prevents and improves diabetic neuropathy

52
Q

How do fetuses and breast fed infants get EFAs?

A

Through mother’s diet (DHA and ARA added to formula)

53
Q

Transfats

A

We want to raises LDL and lower HDL cholesterol

Trans fats cause fats to be stored in the abdominal area

54
Q

What are the signs of sufficient breast feeding?

A

6 or more wet diapers a day
1 to 2 stools a day
Normal growth

55
Q

When do you start an infant on solids?

A

4 to 6 months

56
Q

What vits and minerals are important to infants?

A

Iron, zinc, calcium, and fat

57
Q

There is very little iron in breast milk. Why is this not a problem?

A

Because the baby has a storage of iron for the first 6 months. That’s why many blood diseases don’t show up until the child is 6 months old.

58
Q

Dietary considerations for toddlers and preschoolers

A

At one year, can have table food
1tbsp of solid food per year of age
Milk: 2 to 3 cups
Whole milk until age 2

59
Q

Nutritional needs of adolescents

A

Increase in appetite, calories, proteins, Ca, iron, zinc

60
Q

Special nutritional needs for adults

A

1000mg of calcium

5mg vitamin D

61
Q

Nutrition needs during pregnancy

A

Increase of 300kCal by 2nd and 3rd trimester
60g per day of proteins
Less than 300mg per day (can cause miscarriages)
1000mg of Ca for women 19 or older
1300mg for women under 19
Folic acid 600mcg

62
Q

Weight gain for pregnancy

A

1st trimester- 2 to 4 lbs, then 1lb per week
Normal 25-35
Overweight 15-25
Underweight 28-40

63
Q

Food borne risks in pregnancy

A

Listeria- refrig, ready to eat foods, unpasturized milk and milk products
Methyl/mercury
Toxoplasma

64
Q

Blood sugar levels

A

Less than 100mg/dl = normal
100-125 mg/dl = impaired fasting glucose/pre-diabetes
Greater than 126 mg/dl = diabetes

65
Q

The Metabolic Syndrome

A

Syndrome X
Central obesity: abdominal circumference >40 inches in men, 35inches in women
Dyslipidemia, increased BP, insulin resistance, increased blood viscosity

66
Q

5 changes to healthier you

A

1) more water
2) fruits and veg
3) move more
4) resistance training 2xs per week
5) get enough sleep

67
Q

Indications that a patient needs enteral nutrition

A

Inability to digest

Need functioning GI tract

68
Q

Indications that a patient needs parent earl nutrition

A

IV, central venous line
Non-functional or impaired GI tract
Severe malnutrition
Increased nutritional needs

69
Q

Two medications for nausea associated with motion sickness

A

Dimenhydrinate

Meclizine

70
Q

What is Alli?

A

OTC of prescription drug orlistat (Xenical)

Decreases absorption of dietary fat

71
Q

Thermogenic drugs

A

Ephedrine with caffeine

Enhance metabolism

72
Q

Antacids

A

Alkaline compounds neutralize HCL but do not heal ulcer

Caution in sodium restricted diet or renal disease

73
Q

BMI

A 
Kg/m2
18.5 to 24.9 is normal
25 to 29.9 is overweight
30 to 39.9 is obesity class 1
35 to 39.9 is obesity class 2
Over 40 is extreme obesity class 3
74
Q

IBW

A

Women- 100lbs and then 5lbs for every inch over 5ft (add 10% for larger frame and remove for smaller)

Men- 106lbs for 5ft and then 6lbs for each inch over 5ft (add 10% for larger frame and remove for smaller)

75
Q

Nutrition laboratory tests

A

Serum albumin- Lowe levels may indicate malnutrition and prolonged protein depletion

Pre-albumin- more accurate to evaluate rapid changes in protein status

Transferrin- increases when iron stores are low and decreases when iron stores are high; low levels can indicate protein loss

Hemoglobin- low levels indicate anemia

Urine creatinine- reflects a person’s total muscle mass (greater the creatinine, the greater the muscle mass); decreases in malnutrition

Nitrogen balance- positive when protein intake is greater than output

BUN- blood urea nitrogen (increased in malnutrition, starvation, excess protein intake, decreased in low protein diet)

Total lymphocyte count- decreases when depression in immune system such as debilitating diseases

Urine ketone- present when fatty acid breakdown occurs (in a normal diet, you do not see keytones)

Nursing (15 decks)

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