class #2- metabolism

Question 1

what do cells need to grow?

Answer 1

macronutrients and micronutrients

Question 2

what are some macronutrients?

Answer 2

carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur

Question 3

what are some micronutrients?

Answer 3

trace elements - metals
growth factors - vitamins

Question 4

what is culture medium/media

Answer 4

a solution that supports the growth of microorganisms

Question 5

what is defined media

Answer 5

you know the…… carbon, nitrogem, phosphorus, sulfur source
and all of the micronutrients

Question 6

what is complex media

Answer 6

digests of animal, plant yeast material
composition is unknown

Question 7

what is selective media

Answer 7

only some can grow, contains compounds that inhibit the growth of organisms that you are not interested in (antibiotics, bile salts, lack of a nutruient)

Question 8

what is differential media

Answer 8

they look different when they grow. contains an indicator that shows a colour change when a specific metabolic reaction has occurred

Question 9

what is coliform bacteria?

Answer 9

an indicator bacteria that indicates that somebody pooped in your water

Question 10

what are some characteristics of a coliform

Answer 10

-rod-shaped
-non-spore former
-ferment lactose
grows at 37C

Question 11

what is MaConkey agar

Answer 11

Bile salts to inihibit the growth of gram positives

Question 12

what are traits of MaConkey agar

Answer 12

lactose, has pH indicator that turns red when pH goes down

Question 13

what is cyanobacteria

Answer 13

photosynthetic, makes oxygen & makes oxygen available on earth

Question 14

what is an aerobe

Answer 14

a microorganism that grows in the presence of air or requires oxygen for growth.

Question 15

what is an anaerobe

Answer 15

any organism that does not require molecular oxygen for growth.

Question 16

what is glycolysis

Answer 16

a metabolic pathway and an anaerobic energy source that has evolved in nearly all types of organisms.

Question 17

what are the products and reactants of glycolysis (start vs end)

Answer 17

6-carbon glucose becomes 2,3 carbon pyruvate molecules

Question 18

what does glycolysis result in

Answer 18

results in NADH production, which it now needs to replenish NAD

Question 19

what is fermentation

Answer 19

the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving the giving off of heat

Question 20

what does fermentation result in

Answer 20

NAD (most times)

Question 21

what does fermentation generate

Answer 21

ATP by substrate level phosphorylation

Question 22

what is respiration

Answer 22

protons are pushed outside of cell to generate a gradient, it is the chemical process by which organic compounds release energy

Question 23

what does respiration result in

Answer 23

NAD

Question 24

what is PMF

Answer 24

protein motive force

Question 25

what is the function of PMF

Answer 25

used to create atp

Question 26

what is the citric acid cycle

Answer 26

it generates CO2 (along with ATP)

Question 27

why is the citric acid cycle more efficient than fermentation

Answer 27

because it goes all the way down to CO2

Question 28

what is Baccillus anthracis

Answer 28

gram positive bacteria
forms spores, makes a capsule
produces exotoxins and is feared as a bioweapon

Question 29

what is anthrax

Answer 29

Anthrax is a serious disease usually caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria.