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CAPS - Sensory Development of Wines > Class 2: Cool Climate White Wines > Flashcards

Class 2: Cool Climate White Wines Flashcards

HOST 9112 Sensory Development and Wine Styles

1
Q

Sugar ____ as grapes ripen

A

Increases

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2
Q

What is the relationship between sugar and acid during ripening?

A

Sugar increases, acid decreases.

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3
Q

Flavour development happens at the same rate as sugar developement. True or false?

A

False

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4
Q

What are the structural standouts of gewürztraminer?

A
  1. Lower acid
  2. Substantial phenolic phenolic bitterness (tannin)
  3. High aromatic intensity
  4. Distinctive impact compound
  5. Typically shows botrytis
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5
Q

Name 4 monoterpenese of Gewürztraminer.

A

ROLL

  1. Rose
  2. Orange oil
  3. Lavender
  4. Lychee
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6
Q

Name 5 esters of Gewürztraminer.

A

1) White flowers
2) Apple
3) Strawberry
4) Raspberry
5) Banana

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7
Q

Name 4 botrytis features of Gewürztraminer.

A
  1. Honey
  2. Marmalade
  3. Chamomile
  4. Ginger
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8
Q

Define Rieslings structural standouts.

A
  1. Highly floral
  2. High aromatic intensity
  3. High acids
  4. Distinctive impact compounds
  5. Lower alcohol, light body
  6. Even when dry, usually has a bit of RS
  7. Botrytis common
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9
Q

Name 4 monoterpenese of Riesling.

A
  1. Rose
  2. Orange oil
  3. Lavender
  4. Lychee
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10
Q

Name 4 esters of Riesling.

A
  1. White flowers
  2. Apple
  3. Strawberry
  4. Raspberry
  5. Banana
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11
Q

Name 4 botrytis aromas of Riesling.

A
  1. Honey
  2. Marmalade
  3. Chamomie
  4. Ginger
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12
Q

What is the name of the chemical compound that gives riesling a kerosene aroma?

A

Trimethyl di-hydro-napthalene (TDN)

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13
Q

What are the structural standouts of Grüner Veltliner?

A
  1. Elevated Acid
  2. Distinctive Impact Compounds
  3. May show Botrytis on Reserve and Smaragd style
  4. Can reach elevated alcohol
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14
Q

Name 4 thiols of Grüner Veltliner.

A
  1. Grapefruit
  2. Gooseberry
  3. Black currant
  4. Passion fruit.
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15
Q

Name 6 rotundones of Grüner Veltliner.

A

TROMB P

  1. Peppercorn
  2. Basil
  3. Marjoram
  4. Oregano
  5. Thyme
  6. Rosemary
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16
Q

Name 4 botrytis notes of Grüner Veltliner.

A
  1. Honey
  2. Marmalade
  3. Chamomile
  4. Ginger
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17
Q

Melon de Bourgogne is a particulary neutral wine. How might it be defined?

A

Almost by more what’s NOT there than by what is.

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18
Q

What are the main aromas and flavours of Melon de Bourgogne.

A

SLAP BReAD

  1. Lime
  2. Seashell
  3. Green apple
  4. Pear
  5. Bread dough
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19
Q

MLC converts what to what?

A

Malic acid to lactic acid.

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20
Q

What is the natural form of acid in grapes?

A

Tartaric, malic, lactic and citric.

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21
Q

Fermentation converts to sugar into what?

A

Alcohol, carbon dioxide and heat.

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22
Q

What is the Winkler Index?

A

Most commonly used framework for understanding the climate of a wine region.

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22
Q

How many Winkler regions are there

A

5

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23
Q

Who developed the Winkler Index?

A

Developed at UC Davis by Professors Amerine and Winkler in 1944.

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24
Q

How many growing degree days in Region 1A in the Winkler Index?

A

1550-2000 Growing Degree Days (in F)

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25
Q

How many growing degree days in Region 1B in the Winkler Index?

A

2001 - 2500 Growing Degree Days (in F)

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26
Q

How many growing degree days in Region II in the Winkler Index?

A

2501 - 3000 Growing Degree Days (in F)

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27
Q

How many growing degree days in Region III in the Winkler Index?

A

3001- 3500 Growing Degree Days (in F)

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28
Q

How many growing degree days in Region IV in the Winkler Index?

A

3501- 4000 Growing Degree Days (in F)

29
Q

How many growing degree days in Region V in the Winkler Index?

A

4001 - 4900 Growing Degree Days (in F)

30
Q

List major regions for Winkler Region Ia.

A

Champagne, Tasmania, Puget Sound

31
Q

List major regions for Winkler Region Ib

A

1) Marlborough
2) Burgundy
3) Alsace
4) Santa Maria (CA)
5) Willamette Valley
6) Loire Valley

32
Q

List major regions for Winkler Region II

A

1) Coonawarra
2) Adelaide Hills
3) Bordeaux
4) Columbia Valley

33
Q

List major regions for Winkler Region III

A

1) Rioja
2 )Sonoma Valley
3) Yarra Valley
4) Mendocino
5) Margaret River

34
Q

List major regions for Winkler Region IV

A

1) Napa Valley
2) Northern Sonoma
3) Stellenbosch
4) Barossa Valley
5) Roussillon
6) Tuscany

35
Q

List major regions for Winkler Region V

A

Jerez, Madeira, Lodi

36
Q

Winkler Region Ia is a cool region for what cultivars?

A

1) Riesling
2) Pinot Gris
3) Chardonnay
4) Pinot Noir

37
Q

Winkler Region Ib is a cool region for what cultivars?

A

None.

38
Q

Winkler Region II is a cool region for what cultivars?

A

Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir

39
Q

Winkler Region II is a cool region for what cultivars?

A

CS, SB, Malbec, Merlot

40
Q

Winkler Region III is a cool region for what cultivars?

A

Grenache, Syrah, Zinfindel

41
Q

Winkler Region IV is a cool region for what cultivars?

A

CS, Grenache, Zin, Tempranillo

42
Q

Winkler Region V is a cool region for what cultivars?

A

Zin, Palomino, Nero d”Avila

43
Q

Winkler Region Ia is a warm region for what cultivars?

A

None.

44
Q

Winkler Region II is a warm region for what cultivars?

A

Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Gewürtztraminer

45
Q

Winkler Region Ib is a warm region for what cultivars?

A

None.

46
Q

Winkler Region III is a warm region for what cultivars?

A

Riesling

47
Q

Winkler Region IV is a warm region for what cultivars?

A

Char, CS, CB, Malbec, Merlot, Grenache

48
Q

Winkler Region V is a warm region for what cultivars?

A

Zinfandel

49
Q

Describe Winker Region 1a

A
  • 1500-2000 GDD’s
  • Champagne, Tasmania, Puget Sound
  • Cool region for Riesling, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir
  • Warm region for NA
50
Q

Describe Winker Region 1b

A
  • 2001-2500 GDD’s
  • Marlborough, Burgundy, Alsace, Santa Maria (CA), Willamette Valley, Loire Valley
  • Cool region for Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir
  • Warm region for NA
51
Q

Describe Winker Region II

A
  • 2501 - 3000 GDD’s
  • Coonawarra, Adelaide Hills, Bordeaux, Columbia Valley
  • Cool region for CS, SB, Malbec, Merlot
  • Warm region for PN, PG, Gewürtz
52
Q

Describe Winker Region III

A
  • 3001 - 3500 GDD’s
  • Rioja, Sonoma Valley, Yarra Valley, Mendocino, Margaret River
  • Cool region for Grenache, Syrah, Zin
  • Warm region for Riesling
53
Q

Describe Winker Region IV

A
  • 3501 - 4000 GDDs
  • Napa Valley, Northern Sonoma, Stellenbosch, Barossa Valley, Roussillon, Tuscany
  • Cool region for CS, Grenache, Zin, Tempranillo
  • Warm region for Char, CS, SB, Malbec, Merlot, Grenache
54
Q

Describe Winker Region V

A
  • 4001 - 4900 GDD’s
  • Jerez, Madeira, Lodi
  • Cool region for Zinfandel, Palomino, Nero d’Avola
  • Warm region for Zinfandel
55
Q

What causes a cool climate?

A

Latitude
* Mosel, Germany
* Central Otago, NZ
Topography (mountains elevation, landlocked, distance from coast)
* Parts of Northern Italy (Umbria)
* Riberal del Duero
* Central Vineyards, Loire Valley

56
Q

What can moderate a cool climate?

A
  1. Bodies of water (rivers, inland seas, large lakes)
  2. Elevation / aspect (planting above fog line)
  3. Mountains (rainshadows, protection from winds)
  4. Long days with high number of daylight hours
57
Q

List 4 cool climate regions in France

A

CLAB
1. Champagne
2. Loire
3. Alsace
4. Loire

58
Q

What varietals are grown the Pays Nantais?

A

Melon de Bourgogne

59
Q

What varietals are grown in Anjou-Saumur?

A
  1. Chenin Blanc
  2. Cabernet Franc
60
Q

What varietals are grown in Touraine?

A
  1. Chenin Blanc
  2. SB
  3. CF
61
Q

What varietals are grown in the Central Loire?

A
  1. SB
  2. Gamay
62
Q

What are the 5 main regions of Champagne?

A
  1. Cotes de Bar
  2. Montage de Reims
  3. Cote de Blancs
  4. Valley de la Marne
  5. Cote de Sezanne
63
Q

How can a winemaker respond to cool climate pressures in the vineyard?

A
  1. Train vines higher or lower, pruning techniques, burying canes
  2. Vineyard manage,ent (aspect, row orientation)
  3. Green harvesting
  4. Leaf pulling
  5. Long hang time, late harvest
64
Q

How can a winemaker respond to cool climate pressures in the winery?

A
  1. Drying grapes, passito winemaking
  2. Chaptalization
  3. Lees ageing, batonnage
  4. RS in the final wine
  5. Sparkling style using various methods
65
Q

Name 2 regions that are protected by rain shadows.

A

Alsace (Vosges) and Okanagan (Rockies)

66
Q

Why do grape growers want to extend the growing season as much as possible?

A

To allow flavour development to catch up to sugar development.

67
Q

What is a better alternative to “sugar” in grapes.

A

Natural sugars.

68
Q

What does “luminosity” mean?

A

The amount of light in a vineyard. The Mosel is considered to have high luminosity because of all of the light (the river, the sun, the aspect, angle

69
Q

Why do Napa wines cost more than wines from the Mosel?

A

Startup / overhead costs in Mosel were paid off centuries ago. Napa vineyards are still paying off for their start-up investment.

70
Q
A

CAPS - Sensory Development of Wines (8 decks)

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