(Class 17) The Roaring 20s Flashcards
1
Q
What was the worse political scandal until Watergate under Nixon?
A
Teapot Dome Scandal
2
Q
Who was involved in the Teapot Dome Scandal?
A
Secretary of the Interior Albert Bacon Fall
3
Q
What was the Teapot Dome Scandal?
A
Secretary of the Interior Albert Bacon Fall had leased Navy petroleumreserves at Teapot Dome in Wyomingand two other locations in Californiato private oil companies at low rates without competitive bidding
4
Q
What was Welfare Capitalism?
A
Business owners found a way to meet workers demands without them turning to unions
5
Q
What were the effects of Welfare Capitalism?
A
- improved safety and sanitation inside factories
- Instituted paid vacations, health plans, English classes, pension plans and other benefits
- Encouraged loyalty to the company and discouraged memberships in labor unions
- Told workers that trade unions were unnecessary for workers’ welfare
6
Q
By the 1920s what was the largest single manufacturing
A
Automobiles
7
Q
Automobile - production and impact
A
- Automobile industry in the United States began in 1890s
- Ford Motor Company was founded by HenryFord, on June 16, 1903
- He located in Detroit, Michigan – all needed materials were made nearby
- By the 1920s the automobile had emerged as the largest single manufacturing industry in the nation
- Employed hundreds of thousands of employees
- Also gave rise to other industries
- Filling stations, garages, fast-food restaurants, motels
- Glass, tires, steel, highways, oil, refined gas
8
Q
Automobiles Part 2
A
- By 1929: 25% of Americans worked directly or indirectly in an automobile industry
- Changed where Americans lived
- What work they did
- How they spent leisure and family time
- Many small towns disappeared in favor of distant cities and towns
- Street cars disappeared as people turned to their autos
- Began the migration to suburbs
- Nothing shaped modern America more than the Automobile
- Began with Ford and automobiles
- Soon became standard for industry
- Simple most repetitive tasks
- Boosted overall efficiency
- Between 1922 and 1929 manufacturing productivity increased 32%
- Average wages increased only 8%
9
Q
Prohibition - the noble experiment
A
- Prohibition was expected to eliminate crime and improve morality
- Instead prohibition started a 14 year period of law breaking unmatched in American history
- The Mafia saw a sharp rise in its activity
- The Treasury Department were in charge of enforcing prohibition which was very difficult
- They destroyed more than 172,000 illegal stills in 1925 alone
- Loopholes
- Sacramental wine was permitted
10
Q
Harlem Renaissance
A
- A cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York, spanned the 1920s
- Extended beyond Harlem
- During the time, it was known as the “New Negro Movement”
- Produced dazzling talent
- Writers, poets, artists
- James Weldon Johnson – writer
- Langston Hughes - poet
11
Q
New Negro
A
12
Q
Charles Lindbergh
A
- American aviator, author, inventor, military officer, explorer, and social activist
- In 1927, age of 25, Lindbergh became the first person to fly nonstop across the Atlantic from Long Island, New York, to Paris, France.
- Distance of nearly 3,600 miles in a single-seat, single-engine plane, The Spirit of St. Louis
- Became instant celebrated hero
- Awarded Medal of Honor
13
Q
The Flapper
A
- 19th Amendment changed things
- Liberated women
- More women worked for pay
- Increased pay made women bigger consumers
- The Flapper emerged
- Short bobbed hair
- Lipstick and rouge
- Spent freely on clothing
- Often smoked cigarettes
- Danced all night to wild jazz
- The Charleston
14
Q
Johnson-Reed Act of 1924 - immigration
A
- Passed by Congress
- Limits number of immigrants to no more than 161,000 a year
- Establishes quotas for each European nation
- Squeezed some nationalities more than others
- Quotas reflected fear and bigotry
- Those who backed it claimed immigration had to stop because
“America had become the garbage can and the dumping ground of the world”
- Only wanted “good immigrants” from Western Europe
- 62,458 could come in from England
- 1,992 only from Russia
15
Q
Scopes Trial
A
- The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes (Dayton, Tennessee)
- Commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial
- Science versus Religion
- Tennessee and other states banned the teaching of evolution
- John Scopes challenged the law by teaching evolution
- Clarence Darrow was defense lawyer
- William Jennings Bryan was prosecutor
- Darrow got Bryan on the stand and humiliated him – he died one week later
- Scopes was convicted - $100 fine
- The Movie: Inherit the Wind
