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Survey of U.S. History > (Class 16) The Great War > Flashcards

(Class 16) The Great War Flashcards

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1
Q

William Jennings Bryan

A

Appointed as Secretary of State as a reward for Bryan’s support of Woodrow Wilson in election of 1912

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2
Q

Triple Alliance Countries

A
  • Germany
  • Austria-Hungary
  • Italy (eventually leaves and replaced by Ottoman Empire)
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3
Q

What was another name for the Triple Alliance Countries?

A

Central Powers

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4
Q

Triple Entente Countries

A
  • Britain
  • France
  • Russia (obligated by a treaty to protect Serbia)
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5
Q

Another name for the Triple Entente Countries

A

Allied Powers / Allies

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6
Q

Whose assassination “sparked” WW1?

A

Archduke (Franz) Ferdinand

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7
Q

Who was Archduke Ferdinand assassinated by?

A

Bosnian national Gavrilo Princip (19)
Member of Young Bosnia
“Black Hand”

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8
Q

What was Trench Warfare?

A

Act of digging trenches to hide and fight in

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9
Q

How many people died from WW1?

A
  • War claimed 8.5 million lives and twice that number wounded
  • Total of 37 million casualties including civilians
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10
Q

How did most of the people die in WW1?

A

combat and disease

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11
Q

What was a Underseebooten?

A

U boats (German Submarines)

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12
Q

What does Germany decide to do after Britain’s navy set up an economic block on them?

A

(February 1915) Germany announces they will sink all boats on way to Britain

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13
Q

What was the Lusitania?

A

British Passenger Ship

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14
Q

What happens to the Lusitania?

A

(May 7, 1915) U boat sinks the British passenger liner Lusitania – killing 1,198 passengers including 124 American citizens

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15
Q

“Middle of the Road” Strategy

A
  • (May 10, 1915) Wilson announces that any further destruction of ships would be regarded as “deliberately unfriendly” and would lead U.S. to break diplomatic relations with Germany
  • He demanded that Germany end unrestricted submarine warfare
  • Germany apologized for deaths on Lusitania
  • Germany went further and promised no more submarine attacks without warning
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16
Q

What was the Zimmerman Telegram?

A
  • (In March 1917) the British intercept a telegram sent from German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman to Mexico
  • It proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the event the United States entered the war against Germany.
  • In exchange for Mexican alliance Germany would see that Mexico regained Texas, New Mexico and Arizona from the United States
17
Q

What did Woodrow Wilson do in retaliation to the Zimmerman Telegram?

A

Goes to Congress to approve policy of “armed neutrality”

18
Q

Who were the Harlem Hellfighters?

A
  • 370,000 armed forces were African-Americans
  • 369th Regimen of 92nd division was integrated with the French and saw more combat than any other unit
  • 171 members of the 369th were awarded the Legion of Merit
19
Q

What was the Selective Service Act of 1917?

A
  • Authorized a draft of all young men into the armed services
  • Draft had been first used during the Civil War
  • Draft boards eventually drafted 2.8 million men into the armed forces
  • 2 million others volunteered to fight
20
Q

What was Prohibition?

A

Ban on Alcohol

21
Q

What was the 18th Amendment?

A
  • (December 1917) – Congress passed the 18th Amendment
  • Declared the production, transport, and sale of alcohol (though not the consumption or private possession) illegal
  • Prohibition went into effect January 1, 1920
22
Q

What was the 19th Amendment?

A
  • In 1919 Congress passed the 19th Amendment granting women the vote
  • “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.”
  • “Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.”
23
Q

Wilson’s 14 Points

A
  • January 8, 1918 Wilson revealed to Congress his 14 point plan for democratic order in the world after war
  • First 5 points affirmed basic liberal ideals
  • The next 8 points supported the right of self-determination of European peoples
  • Final point was establishment of a League of Nations – “parliament of man” to secure lasting peace
24
Q

Did the US ever become a member of the League of Nations?

A

No

25
Q

League of Nations

A
  • He believed the League would provide collective security and establish rules of international conduct
  • It would be an agent to resolve future conflicts between nations without war
  • Wilson’s refusal to accept compromise lost the treaty
  • U.S. never signed the Paris Peace Treaty
  • Failure of America to join probably weakened the League from the very start
  • President Harding in 1921 signed separate treaties with Germany, Austria and Hungary to end WWI
26
Q

Versailles Peace Treaty

A
  • Versailles peace treaty was signed on June 28, 1919 and Wilson returned home in July
  • He was disappointed in many of the provisions of the treaty
  • He felt he had failed to get acceptance of the majority of his 14 points
  • But he was happy that his centerpiece – the League of Nations – was agreed upon by the allies
27
Q

Who was Henry Cabot Lodge?

A
  • Harvard College, Harvard Law School and Harvard PhD in History (similar to Wilson)
  • Senator from Massachusetts
  • Republican
  • Chairman of the Foreign Relations committee
  • Felt League threatened US independence in foreign affairs
  • Did not completely reject it outright
  • Proposed amendments/reservations to membership in the League of Nations
28
Q

Great Flu Epidemic of 1918

A
  • The1918 influenza pandemic(January 1918 – December 1920) was an unusually deadlyinfluenza epidemic
  • It infected 500million people across the world,including Europe, US and remote Pacific islands and the Arctic
  • Resulted in the deaths of 50 to 100million (three to five percent of the world’s population)
  • In World War I – 8.5 million died
  • One of the deadliest natural disasters in human history
29
Q

The Great Migration

A
  • From 1915 to 1920 a half a million African-Americans (10% of south’s black population) boarded trains bound for industrial cities in the north
  • Encountered many problems in terms of work and racism in the north but had little to lose in the south
  • Most stayed in North and encouraged family and friends to migrate too
  • By 1940 more than 1 million African-Americans left the south and headed north
  • Harlem in New York and Southside of Chicago
  • By 1970 6 million had moved out of the south

Survey of U.S. History (25 decks)

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