Class 13/14 Cognitive Development: Piaget’s Theory & Early Cognitive Development Flashcards
People looked at kids being worse versions of adults and not knowing much. What was Piagets major insights when comparing children to adults?
Kids make mistakes just like adults, however its not because they are dumber then adults. kids are trying to solve problems by understand the world around them and it all depends at what point they are at in their early stages of life.
How did Piaget view cognitive development to occur with in children
Through exploration and interaction changes in cognitive development occur.
What is a Scheme?
Organized units of knowledge.
How are operations related to schemes?
When internalized schemes are called operations.
as children advance they use reasoning around their mental schemes.
What are the three explanatory side of piagets theory
Assimilation- kids exapnd a existing scheme to incorporate new information. for example they might relate the dog in their house to the dog in their book or one they see outside which look different from his own dog . This can cause COGNITIVE ERRORS as a child might see a sheep with four legs and fur and also call that a dog.
accomadation - Kids modify a scheme to get new info. the child might realize that the sheep makes a weird barking noise and has different fur so he will reorginize his thoughts and take the creature out of the dog category
equillibreation- The child will change the way they think for the world to make sense to them. A child might see things that look like a sanitizer dispenser however when they notice it shoots nothing out this will bring disequillibream and it will encourage balance towards how they think.
push kids cognitive development forward
What are the 4 Stages of cognitive developement? are they descriptive or explanatory?
Sensorimotor (0-2) take basic reflexes and build on them. Major Achivement (object permanance) starts to develope.
preoperational (2-7) use symbols to mentally represent experiance/object. EX drinking water out of cup with no water in it, broom as horse. (limitation) CENTRATION- intuitive thinking. only focusing that her brother is a brother nothing else they struggle with .
(conservation task) even though water has been switxhed to other cup it doesnt mean there is less water. (multiple classification) can see that she has a brother but doesnt realize he is also her mothers son. (seriation) will have difficulty doing tallest to shortest task.
EGOCENTRISM kids believe everyone around them has the same ideas as them.
concrete operational (7-11) children are able to think logically about concrete objects and experiances. succed at conservation task and multile classification and mental seriation ...tallest to largest. struggle with abstract and hypothetical reasoning
formal operational (11+) reason logically about abstract concepts(friendship,justice,...) better at solving problem systematically undertsand variables (trial and error) better able to think hypothetically (formal logic, different paths)
hypothetical, deductive reasoning:draw logical conclusions from a set of premises. ex all elephants are pink and jumbo is a elephant what color is jumbo. they will say pink where as concrete will still say grey.
Inductive reasoning: draw probable solutions from a set of facts a with reasonable amount of confidence
Descreptive because they are just observations of how kids think
piagets conservation tasks preoperational vs concrete thinking
preoperational thinking is charachterized as centration and irreversibility
concrete thinking is charachterized as decentration and reversibility
Piaget vs vygotsky cognitive adhancements in children
Piaget believes that anytime you teach a child somthing they could have learned them selves then the child is restrained from learning it completly.
childs exploration in the context of biological enviornment
cognitive growth is self directed as a induvidual. ex mom asks where did u go what did u do next and what after that.
cognitive growth happens through interactions with same age children
private speech is egocentric talking to self limitation in cognitive abilitys
learning occurs through assimilation and accomation
Vygotsky believes what a child can do today with assistance tommorow they will be able to do themselves.
childs exploration in the context of social/ cultural
cognitive growth happens through interaction with more skilled induviduals.
private speech is problem solving they are talking to them selves through the task they are thinking out loud.
learning occurs through zone of proximal developement (ZPD) child can only complete the task in his zone but can achieve the next zone from help of a more skilled induvidual(scaffoldind). cannot reach the third zone due to his age.
