Class 12 - recap Flashcards
What determines all ecosystems?
Annual precipitation and temperature
What are the ecosystems?
Savannas, tropical rainforest, torical seasonal forest, deserts, mangroves, coral reefs, montane forest, lakes, rivers, wetlands, peatland
Has food and feed (agricultural land and abundance of fish stocks) increased or decreased?
Both
Has materials and assistance (potental land for material production, extend of forested land) decreased or increased?
Both
Has the species locally known and used medicinally decreased or increased
Decreased
Has the number of people living near nature and biodiversity decreased or increased?
Decreased
Has area of natural and traditional land and seascaped decreased or increased?
Decreased
Has stability of land use and cover increased or decreased?
Decreased
Has species survival probability and diversity decreased or increased?
Decreased
Has the extent of habitats decreased or increased?
Decreased
Has pollinator diversity and natural habitats decreased or increased?
Decreased
Has air pollution increased or decreased?
Increased (bad)
Has ocean acidification increased or decreased?
Neither
Has ground water increased or decreased?
Decreased
Has ecosystems that filter or add good components to water increased or decreased?
Decreased
Has soil organic carbon increased or decreased?
Decreased
Has the ability of ecosystems to regulate and buffer hazards increased or decreased?
Decreased
What are the governance strategies needed to save the earth?
Incentive and capacity building, cross-sectoral cooperation, pre-emptive action, effective decicion making, environmental law and implementation
What are the leverage points that government ystrategies can achieve?
Embrace diverse versions of a good life, reduce total consumption and waste, reduce inequalities, practice justice and inclusion in conservation, ensure environmentally friendly technologies and investments, promote education and knowledge sharing
Explain an example of indirect drivers, human activities, and direct drivers of how the earth is becoming
Indirect drivers: Demographic and sociocultural, economic and technological. Human activities: Fishing, agriculture, energy. Direct drivers: Land-use change, direct exploitation, climate change
How many species are at risk of extinction?
1 million, the rate of extinction is increasing
What are the main drivers of biodiversity loss?
Land and sea use change, direct exploitation of organisms, climate change, pollution, invasive species
How many wetlands have been lost between 1700 and 2000?
85%
How much has coral reefs declined since 1870?
50%
What are the 5 main policy reccomendations to restore biodiversity?
- Sustainable land and water management, 2. Economic restructuring (subsidies, taxes), 3. Integrated policy frameworks, 4. global governance, 5. Education and awareness
