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Clinical Chemistry 2 > Class 1 Enzymes > Flashcards

Class 1 Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

LD (lactate Dehydrogenase) is a metalloenzyme because it contains

A

Zinc

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2
Q

What is the coenzyme of LD?

A

NAD

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3
Q

Forward reaction of LD has a optimal pH of?

A

8.8-9.8

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4
Q

Backward reaction of LD has an optimal pH of?

A

7.4-7.8

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5
Q

Lactate + NAD ——LD—-> Pyruvate + NADH + H is what type of reaction?

A

Forward reaction

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6
Q

Pyruvate + NADH + H ——LD—-> Lactate + NAD is what type of reaction?

A

Backward or Reverse reaction

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7
Q

Very high activities of LD is seen in what organ?

A

Heart
RBCs
Kidney
Liver
Skeletal muscles

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8
Q

Lesser amounts of LD is seen in what organs

A

Lungs
Smooth muscles
Brain

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9
Q

LD1 and LD2 are found in what tissue organs?

A

Heart
RBCs
Kidney

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10
Q

If LD1/LD2 is increased, what are the suspected disorders?

A

Myocardial Infarction
Hemolyzed specimen
Megaloblastic anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Acute renal infarction

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11
Q

In serum, what LD isoenzyme is seen in high amounts

A

LD2

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12
Q

What LD isoenzymes are considered heat stable?

A

LD1, LD2, & LD3

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13
Q

Most negatively charged isoenzyme?

A

LD1

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14
Q

LD3 is found in which organs?

A

Lungs (major)
Lymphocytes
Spleen
Pancreas

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15
Q

This type of isoenzyme is increased or elevated in any type of cancer

A

LD3

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16
Q

Among all types of isoenzymes which is considered the least specific?

A

LD3

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17
Q

If the patient has pneumonia, what isoenzyme is suspected to be elevated?

A

LD3

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18
Q

The patient has lympocytosis, what isoenzyme is elevated?

A

LD3

19
Q

Which isoenzyme is considered to be heat and cold labile?

A

LD4 & LD5

20
Q

Injury of the liver or skeletal muscle will cause elevation of?

A

LD4 & LD5

21
Q

This isoenzyme os found in human testis and sperm

A

LDX (XXXX)/(CCCC)

22
Q

Isoenzyme LD6 is also known as

A

Arterosclerotic cardiovascular failure
Alcohol dehydrogenasse

23
Q

True or False
Non-hemolyzed sample needed in testing LD

A

True
—> kasi RBCs have LD, so hemolyzed samples will cause false elevation.

24
Q

LDH is inhibited by?

A

Sulfhydryl reagents
EDTA
Excess pyruvate and lactate
Borate and oxalate

25
Q

This method measure the forward reaction of LD

A

Wacker Method

26
Q

This method measure the backward reaction of LD

A

Wroblewski-Ladue method

27
Q

True or False
LD2 is normally higher than LD1

A

True

28
Q

Reference range of LD

A

Pyruvate to Lactate = 80-280 U/L at 37C
Lactate to Pyruvate = 100-225 U/L at 37C

29
Q

How long does it take for total LD to rise after onset of chest pain?

A

12-24 hours

30
Q

How long does it take for the total LD to reach its peak?

A

48-72 hours

31
Q

Total LD remains elevated for how long after onset of chest pain?

A

10 days

32
Q

Myocardial infarction is suspected when there is flipped in LD pattern (LD1>LD2) followed by the presence of?

A

CK2

—> pag walang CK2 most probably and caused ng flipped LD pattern ay hemolysis or renal infarction

33
Q

This is needed by the red blood cells to maintain integrity of the cell membrane structure

A

NADPH

34
Q

This is needed as starting material for nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis

A

Pentose Phosphate

35
Q

This catalyzes the oxidation of glucose 6- phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate or the corresponding lactone

A

G6PD

36
Q

An inherited sex-linked trait that develops hemolysis only when oxidative stress occurs, as with infections and after ingestion of certain drugs or fava bean

A

G6PD Deficiency

37
Q

G6PD is found in?

A

Erythrocytes
Adrenal cortex
Spleen
Lymph nodes
Lactating mammary gland

38
Q

This acts as a copper transport protein

A

Ceruloplasmin

39
Q

This catalyzes the oxidation of ferrous iron (Fe2+) to Ferric iron (Fe3+)

A

Ceruplasmin

40
Q

This disease is characterized by accumulation of copper in several organs such as the eyes leading to Kayse-Fleischer Ring

A

Wilson’s disease

41
Q

Decreased ceruloplasmin is seen in?

A

1.) Renal disease associated with protein loss and severe nutritional CHON deficiencies

2.) Wilson’s disease

42
Q

Glycoprotein that binds copper in the plasma

A

Ceruloplasmin

43
Q

Specimen requirements for testing G6PD

A

Red cell hemolysate - assay for deficiency of the enzyme

Serum - evaluation of enzyme elevations

Clinical Chemistry 2 (4 decks)

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