Class 1: Concept Intros

Question 1

define reproduction

Answer 1

• process by which human beings produce a new individual

Question 2

define antepartum/antenatal

Answer 2

• before birth

Question 3

define intrapartum

Answer 3

• during labor & delivery/childbirth

Question 4

define post-partum/postnatal/puerperium

Answer 4

• within 6 weeks after childbirth

Question 5

define perinatal

Answer 5

• period immediately before and after birth

Question 6

define fetus

Answer 6

• unborn offspring from an embryo

Question 7

define maternal

Answer 7

• relating to a mother

Question 8

Describe the scope of reproduction (5)

Answer 8

• preconception
• pregnancy (complicated and uncomplicated)
• labour and birth (complicated and uncomplicated)
• postpartum (complication and uncomplicated)
• reproductive choices

Question 9

what are some individual risk factors (for both the fetus and pregnant person) throughout the scope of reproduction

Answer 9

• biophysical factors
• psychosocial factors
• sociodemographic factors
• enviro factors
• social determinants of health

Question 10

define intersectionality

Answer 10

• when 2 or more oppressions overlap in the experiences of an individual or group, creating interconnected barriers and complex forms of discrimination that can be insidious, covert, and compounded
• causes certain groups to be highly stigmatized

Question 11

describe the scope of sexuality

Answer 11

• positive sexual identity/function = wellbeing
• negative sexual identity/function = illness/dysfunction

Question 12

what is a reproductive life plan

Answer 12

• protocol consisting of a set of questions to guide a conversation about if and when a person might want to become a parent
• involves determining if individual wants kids, what their reproductive goals are

Question 13

preconception health promotion: who does it include? what does it aim to do? when is it done? where?

Answer 13

• who: all reproductive aged individuals (man and women, regardless of gender, sexual orientation)
• what” optimize health and reduce risks prior to conception
• when: done anytime a reproductive aged individual presents for care
• where: clinics, teen clinics, FMD/PCP, schools should all provide resources ( try to reduce access barrier)

Question 14

why is preconception health promotion so important?

Answer 14

-important to support and promote healthy lifestyle and reduce risks prior to conception

Question 15

what are some risks/barriers to healthy pregnancy (4)

Answer 15

• inadequate/insufficient/inaccessible care
• lack of culturally safe care
• lack of community services/supports
• financial stress/poverty

Question 16

what are the social determinants of health (12)

Answer 16

• income and social status
• employment and working conditions
• education and literacy
• childhood experiences
• physical enviro
• social supports and coping skills
• healthy behaviors
• access to health services
• biology and genetic endowment
• gender
• culture
• race/racism

Question 17

preconception care involves…

Answer 17

• any intervention that can identify and modify medical, psychosocial, behavioral, or enviro risks to male or female reproductive health and future pregnancies
• part of a continuum of care that promotes an overall commitment to health during the reproductive years, including the interception period

Question 18

preconception care is based on

Answer 18

• Family-Centred Maternity and Newborn Care

Question 19

list the 7 steps of preconception health promotion

Answer 19

1. assess ideas/values/knowledge around pregnancy and sexual health
2. identify modifiable risk factors (easier to address before pregnancy)
3. encourage healthy lifestyle (including sexual health, physical activity, chronic disease management)
4. offer early screening (ex. STIs)
5. educate
6. empower to be in charge of their reproductive health
7. create a plan

Question 20

what info should be obtained r/t preconception history (8)

Answer 20

• past medical and surgical history, chronic medical conditions
• current meds/OTC/herbal meds and supplements
• obstetrical history (prior pregnancies, births, miscarriages, abortions)
• gynecological history (ex. menses regular vs irregular?)
• genetic and family history
• mental health history
• social history
• infectious conditions

Question 21

the preconception history we collect depends on..

Answer 21

• the individuals reproductive goals
  ex. wanting to get pregnant in 5 vs 1 years

Question 22

what should be assessed r/t social history when collecting preconception history (10)

Answer 22

• enviro exposure to toxins
• high risk jobs
• alcohol use
• drug use
• smoking
• physical activity
• stress
• abuse
• IPC
• exposure to teratogens

Question 23

define: teratogen

Answer 23

• enviro substances or exposures that result in functional or structural disability

Question 24

what info should be collected r/t infectious conditions when collecting preconception history (5)

Answer 24

• immunization history
• history of varicella or rubella infection
• STIs
• exposure to cat feces
• exposure to raw or undercooked meats

Question 25

what preconception assessments & diagnostic tests should be compelted (5)

Answer 25

• height, weight, BMI
• blood pressure to establish baseline
• STI screening
• pap test
• other labs as required

Question 26

STI screening should be offered to:

Answer 26

• all sexually active individuals

Question 27

STI screening may include: (2)

Answer 27

• urine or cervical swab for gonorrhea and chlamydia
• serology for HIV, Hep B and C, syphilis

Question 28

what is a pap test? when does screening start?

Answer 28

• test for precancerous or cancerous cells on the cervix
• screening starts at age 21 once individual has had sexual contact

Question 29

what other labs may be required w preconception assessments? (three)

Answer 29

• varicella and rubella titres
• TB test
• CBC if history of anemia

(all depends on health history)

Question 30

what is the goal of risk modification during preconception

Answer 30

• optimize health for pregnancy

Question 31

what is included in risk modification during preconception (8)

Answer 31

• nutrition and physical activity
• healthy body weight
• screen for diseases (STI)
• update vaccines, discuss travel (ex. Zika virus)
• discuss alcohol, smoking, drug use –> support individual to quit prior to pregnancy
• discuss IPV, occupation, social support
• oral health
• consider currents meds and need to change or modify prior to conception

Question 32

what supplements are recommended during preconception (5)

Answer 32

• folic acid
• prenatal vitamins
• iron supplementation, vitamin D, calcium (may not be needed if receive enough through diet)

Question 33

describe folic acid supplementation during preconception

Answer 33

• folic acid 0.4-1mg in all individuals x 3 months prior to conception (ie. for all who may become pregnant in next 3 months) to end of first 3 months
• dose may vary for higher risk conditions

Question 34

how much folic acid supplement is required during preconception for individuals w DM

Answer 34

• 1mg for 3 months prior to and at least 3 months into pregnancy

Question 35

why is folic acid important during preconception

Answer 35

• to prevent neural tube defects

Question 36

watch videos on anatomy and physiology review

Answer 36

…

Question 37

understand the concepts of sex, sexuality, and gender

Answer 37

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