CLA - written Flashcards
What are the features of the pre-reading/ pseudo reading stage in Chall’s theory?
- read to by caregiver
-may imitate reading process - may identify some letters
What are the features of the initial reading + decoding stage of Chall’s theory?
- begin to decode words
- identify familiar words
- limited understanding of the meaning
What are the features of the confirmation + fluency stage in Chall’s theory?
- reading is faster
- some fluency
- understanding text as a whole
What are the features of the reading for learning stage in Chall’s theory?
- read to obtain facts
- able to scan for key details
- wider range of texts
What does the linear model of development say?
Children learn lang in a certain way: speak, read, write.
What does the developmental model say?
Children develop speaking, writing, + reading skills at the same time
What happens to a Childs cognitive skills and writing as they get older?
They improve and their writing becomes more confident.
What are the 2 types of phonics?
Synthetic and analytical
What is synthetic phonics?
Teaches the child to identify individual phonemes within the word they are trying to read +write
What is analytical phonics?
Teaches child now to use stem phonemes and now by changing a letter of the word, you can get a whole new word
What are phonemes?
The individual sound each letter makes ( e.g. /c/, /a/, /t/)
What are graphemes?
Letters or combos that make a sound (e.g. /sh/, /th/)
What is the whole world approach ( look + say approach)?
The child learns what the whole word looks + sounds like
What is a limitation of the whole word approach? (Independence)
Difficult to encourage the child to become an independent reader as teacher input is required.
What is the 1st consideration for when children are writing?
Fine motor skills are required for gripping the pen. Young Childs may not have these abilities.
What is the 2nd consideration for when children are writing?
The direction that writing flows in. (Left to right). Bilingual children may struggle with this as some languages write right to left.
What is the 3rd consideration for when children are writing?
Children may be learning how to write cursive
What is the 4th consideration for when children are writing?
Child may not have mastered finger spacing yet.
What is the 5th consideration for when children are writing?
Size of words.
What is the 6th consideration for when children are writing?
Child may not be able to write on the line, they may have floating letters.
What is phonetic spelling?
Spelling a word now it sounds
What is undergeneralisation?
Not applying spelling rules
What is overgeneralisation?
Applying rules to irregular words when they don’t appear.
What is omission?
Missing out sounds (esp double letters)
What is insertion?
Adding in letters that don’t belong
What is substitution?
Right letter replaced by an incorrect one
What is transposition?
Letters are switched around.
What is inversion?
Reversing now a letter is written
Who introduced scaffolding?
Vygotsky
What is scaffolding?
When the teacher provides feedback
What does the rule based approach suggest?
That the teacher focuses on the errors in the Childs writing and correcting them.
What is a criticism of the rule based approach?
It can put children off writing if they see too many negative comments / corrections from the teacher
What is the creative model?
Where the teacher focuses on the creativity of the writing rather than the grammatical errors
What is a positive of the creative model?
The child will be less likely to be afraid of making mistakes as the focus isn’t on correcting the grammar, but rewarding the creativity of the piece.
What is the 1st stage in Kroll’s stages of writing?
Preparatory stage
What is the 2nd stage in Kroll’s stages of writing?
Consolidation stage.
What is the 3rd stage in Kroll’s stages of writing?
Differentiation stage
What is the 4th stage in Kroll’s stages of writing?
Integration stage.
What is stage 1 of Barclay’s stages of writing?
Scribbling - random marks on page
What is stage 2 of Barclay’s stages of writing?
Mock handwriting
What is stage 3 of Barclay’s stages of writing?
Mock letters
What is stage 4 of Barclay’s stages of writing?
Conventional letters
What is stage 5 of Barclay’s stages of writing?
Invented spelling
What is stage 6 of Barclay’s stages of writing
Appropriate spelling
What is stage 7 of Barclay’s stages of writing
Correct spelling
What does genre theory refer to?
The different writing style the child produces
What does Rothry say are the 4 types of writing children produce?
1- observations
2- recount
3- report
4- narrative
What is the 1st stage of spelling according to Gentry?
Pre-communicative stage- random letters + symbols.
What is the 2nd stage of spelling according to Gentry?
Semi-phonetic- letters used to represent whole words
What is the 3rd stage of spelling according to Gentry?
Phonetic stage- spelling based on sounds
What is the 4th stage of spelling according to Gentry?
Transitional stage- look + say and phonetic approaches apply.
What is the 5th stage of spelling according to Gentry?
Conventional stage- understanding how to use homophones, etc.
