CLA - spoken Flashcards
Who created the behaviourist theory?
Skinner
How does Skinner say children learn language?
Through copying
Who came up with the critical development period?
Lenneberg
What is the age range for the critical development period?
2 to 15
What is the example for the critical development period?
Genie
How does Genie support behaviourism?
She had no one to copy language from so her language didn’t develop.
Who did the wugs experiment?
Berko (1958)
What does the wugs experiment suggest in terms of language development in children?
active and deductive process
Does the wugs experiment support the behaviourism theory? Why?
No. ‘Wug’ was a made up word that the children had never heard before so they weren’t copying anyone when they said the plural was ‘Wugs’.
Who conducted the fis study?
Berko + Brown (1960)
What did the fis study look at?
It looked at how children ignore corrections from caregivers.
What is instrumental language for? (Halliday)
Fulfilling a need
What is regulatory language for? (Halliday)
to control the behaviours of others around them
What is interactional language for? (Halliday)
to develop relationships with others through phatic language
What is personal language for? (Halliday)
to express opinions about what is around them
What is heuristic language for? (Halliday)
to explore the world by asking questions (e.g. why, why, why)
What is imaginative language for? (Halliday)
to explore and creative worlds by their imagination
What is representational language for? (Halliday)
to exchange information with those around them
What does MLU mean?
Mean Length of Utterance
Who made Social Interaction theory?
Bruner
What does social interaction theory focus on?
the significance of everyday social interactions
What does Bruner look at in terms of social interaction theory and language development?
he looks at the role of the caregiver or peer in language development
What does CDS stand for?
Child Directed Speech
What is CDS/ parenteese?
the way a caregiver communicates with an infant
Why does the caregiver use repetition?
Repetition of new words allows the infant to listen to the intonation of the words.
Why does the caregiver use simple sentences?
The attention span of the child is not lengthy, so shorter sentences will keep the child’s attention.
Why does the caregiver use a slower speaking pace?
To allow the child time to process the information and join in the conversation
Why does the caregiver use tag questions?
to encourage interaction from the infant.
Why does the caregiver use different pitches and intonations?
to keep the child focused of the caregiver
Why does the caregiver accompany their utterances with actions/ gestures?
to reinforce and consolidate the meaning to the infant.
How does CDS impact the language development in children?
it allows them to become active in their own learning process.
What is LASS short for?
Language Acquisition Support System
How many stages are there in LASS?
4
What are the 4 stages in LASS?
1- gaining attention
2- query
3- label
4- feedback
Who created the Cognitive theory for language development?
Piaget
How does Piaget say children learn language?
He says that children construct their own knowledge in response to experiences.
How many stages of cognitive development are there according to Piaget?
5
Referring to the stages of cognitive development, what are schemas?
the organisation of knowledge of the world around them
Referring to the stages of cognitive development, what is Assimilation?
incorporating new information into that world
Referring to the stages of cognitive development, what is Accomodation?
adjusting new and existing information
Referring to the stages of cognitive development, what is Organisation?
grouping together isolated behaviours
Referring to the stages of cognitive development, what is Equillibrium?
the shift in ideas due to the previous 4 stages.
What is object permanence?
Knowing an object still exists even when you can’t see it.
What is seriation?
a child needs to be able to compare one thing to another to be able to use comparatives (e.g. bigger) and superlatives (e.g. best)
Who created Innate Capacity (Nativism)
Chomsky
What is the basic message of Innate Capacity?
Children are born with an inherited ability to learn any human language.
Which theory does Innate Capacity directly contrast?
Behaviourism
Innate Capacity states that the ability to learn language is inherited
Behaviourism says language learnt is copied off of caregivers and peers
What is LAD short for?
Language Acquisition Device
Does the LAD automatically work in a child’s brain?
No- the child needs some exposure to the language for the LAD to function.
Chomsky suggests that there is a poverty of….
Poverty of stimulus between caregivers and infants
Which behaviourist criticism supports Chomsky?
Wug study. As the children had never seen the word ‘Wug’ before and so applied their inherited universal grammar rules to produce the plural ‘Wugs’
