CLA-Child Language Acquisition

Question 1

What is turn-taking?

Answer 1

Where the baby and mother are taking turns in conversation e.g. baby points and parent responds

Question 2

At what age does a baby start cooing? (open mouthed vowel sounds)

Answer 2

3 months

Question 3

At what age does a baby start babbling? (repeated sounds of consonant and vowels)

Answer 3

6-12 Months

Question 4

At what age does a baby start using proto words? (not actual words but used as same meaning like word)

Answer 4

9-12 Months

Question 5

What are features of Scaffolding?

Answer 5

Recasting, echoing, expansion, labeling, repetition

Question 6

What is recasting?

Answer 6

Phrasing sentences in different ways, such as making it a question

Question 7

What is echoing?

Answer 7

Repeating what the child says

Question 8

What is expansion?

Answer 8

Restating what the child said in a more linguistically sophisticated form

Question 9

What is labeling?

Answer 9

Providing the name of objects using simplified vocabulary

Question 10

What is repetition?

Answer 10

Routine use of certain sentence structures such as questions or negative forms

Question 11

What do behaviourists believe?

Answer 11

Language is developed through imitating others’ language and gaining positive and negative feedback from adults

Question 12

What do social interactionists believe?

Answer 12

Caregivers are very important in interacting with

Question 13

What do native theorists believe?

Answer 13

Language is innate; we are ‘pre-programmed’ to acquire it

Question 14

What do cognitive theorists believe?

Answer 14

Language will grow when children’s ideas about the world develop

Question 15

Who coined the critical period and what is it?

Answer 15

Lenneberg-Argued language acquisition needs to take place between age of 2 and puberty

Question 16

Who are two social interactionist theorists?

Answer 16

Bruner, Vygotsky

Question 17

When is the holophrastic stage (or ‘one-word’)

Answer 17

9-18 months

Question 18

What is the holophrastic stage?

Answer 18

A child may use a singular word in multiple sentences e.g. I want ‘milk’, ‘I spilled my milk’ and could mean multiple things

Question 19

When is the two-word stage?

Answer 19

18-30 months

Question 20

What is an example of two word stage?

Answer 20

Daddy Coat- child pointing to daddy’s coat

Question 21

When is the Telegraphic Stage?

Answer 21

2 years 6 months/3years onwards

Question 22

What occurs during the Telegraphic Stage?

Answer 22

Children acquire more grammatical words, used ‘-ed’ for regular past tenses

Question 23

What is an example of a sentence during the Telegraphic Stage?

Answer 23

‘I show book’, ‘I very tall’, ‘That car?’

Question 24

How does a child’s language change during the Telegraphic Stage?

Answer 24

I do apple (25 months), I do a apple (28 months), I don’t want an apple (35 months)

Question 25

What is the Papau New Guinea study?

Answer 25

Study in Papau New Guinea showing that you don’t need CDS to learn a language at same pace and is seen here as they learn the language normally and at same pace

Question 26

What was the Genie experiment?

Answer 26

Girl trapped in her room from 20 months to 13 years 7 months, missed critical period for language and so couldn’t learn language afterwards and so supports Chomsky

Question 27

Why has LAD been rejection?

Answer 27

Does not place sufficient importance on role of caregivers to influence language acquisition

Question 28

What are weaknesses of Piaget’s stages?

Answer 28

Berko and Brown ‘fis’ phenomenon suggests cognitive understanding can be present but their physical development still impacts ability to use language

Question 29

Did Bruner agree with Chomsky?

Answer 29

He believed that Chomsky’s innateness was correct and they do have an innate ability to learn language however also require the interaction of other users of the same language to excel in their learning

Question 30

Who created the stages e.g. holographic?

Answer 30

Roger Brown

Question 31

Who made the fis test?

Answer 31

Jean Berko-Gleason

Question 32

What are Halliday’s seven functions?

Answer 32

Instrumental-To Express Their Needs

Regulatory-To influence the behaviours of others

Interactional-To form relationships

Personal-Top express opinions or omotions

Heuristic-To seek information and ask questions

Imaginative-To express creative language

Representational-To give information and facts