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CRCJ > CJ exam 2 > Flashcards

CJ exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What was policing and cities like during colonial times (1840)?

A

-rural society, few big cities
-most people handle most crime for them selves
-watch groups to maintain order

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2
Q

Policing during political era (1840-1920)

A

-NY created first police force
-very corrupt, not a lot of rules for police force
-still had watch groups
-started to elect officials
-more crime

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3
Q

Policing during professional era (1920-1970)

A

-realized corrupt police does not work
-progressives, upper middleclass people, very influential in creating corrupt system
-more professional system
-started creating laws and procedures

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4
Q

What were some of the laws created during professional era

A

-force should stay out of politics
-members should be trained well, well disciplined, and tightly organized
-laws should be enforced equally
-the force should use new technology
-personal procedures should be based on merit
-main task should be fighting crime

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5
Q

Policing during community policing era (1970-2000)

A

-police not on patrol
-walking around neighborhood
-provide services
-wasn’t working

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6
Q

Policing now (2000s and up)

A

-patrol
-specialized units
-intelligence-led policing
-evidence based policing
-provide services

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7
Q

Law enforcement 4 functions?

A

-enforcing law
-maintain order
-prevent crime
-provide services

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8
Q

What does the FBI do?

A

-domestic crime on US soil
-Bank Robberies
-Organized crimes
-murder

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9
Q

What does CIA do?

A

-spies
-deals with outside of country

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10
Q

What does DEA do?

A

o Deals with drugs
o Drugs being sold
o Drugs being brought in

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11
Q

What does Homeland security do?

A

o Protects our boarders
o Created after 9/11

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12
Q

What does US Marshalls do?

A

o Security at court houses
o Witness protection
o Protection of judges
o Move prisoners
o Deal with crime evidence

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13
Q

What does PSP do?

A

o Patrol
o Investigate crime
o Liquor enforcement
o Weigh trucks
o Traffic stops

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14
Q

What is training for Law Enforcement?

A

Act 120, Field training

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15
Q

What does Attorney General do?

A

o Top law enforcement/official
o Criminal law division
o Drug traffic investigation
o public protection
o public corruption

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16
Q

What do sheriffs do?

A

o Safety and security of courthouse
o Do not patrol
o Permits for handguns

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17
Q

What do municipal police do?

A

o City cops/town cops
o Patrol
o small investigations

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18
Q

What agencies are federal?

A

FBI, DEA, CIA, Homeland Security, US Marshalls

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19
Q

What agencies are state?

A

PSP (State police), Attorney General

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20
Q

What agencies are county/ local?

A

sheriffs, Municipal police

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21
Q

What are the requirements for law enforcement?

A

pee tests, background investigation, physical test

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22
Q

Who are mostly police officers?

A

-Men, Mostly, Larger urban cities is more homogeneous
-Minorities, Slowly increasing, 25% nation wide
-Women, 12% nationwide

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23
Q

Characteristics of Policing?

A

o Very militaristic
o Ranks
o Brave
o Don’t share feelings
o Tight nit team

24
Q

Implicit bias in policing?

A

Women should not be police.

25
Q

Job stress in policing?

A

Working a lot
Dangerous

26
Q

PTSD in policing

A

o Large Traumatic event
o Flashbacks
o Panic attacks
o Depression or suicide

27
Q

Ways to overcome stress of the job?

A

meditate, journal, exercise

28
Q

Functions of police?

A

o Maintain order
o Law enforcement
o Traffic
o Service to community
o Prevention of crime

29
Q

Police Diversion 5 factors?

A

o Nature of crime
o Relationship between offender and victim
o Relationship between police and offender
o Demographics
o Dept policy

30
Q

Policies and procedures

A

Important the staff read and know these and that supervisors must follow through with internal discipline for violations

31
Q

Internal affairs

A

a branch of a police department that receives and investigates complaints alleging violation of rules and policies on the part of officers

32
Q

Civilian Review board

A

citizens committee formed by city or other governmental authority to investigate complaints against police

33
Q

Standards/Accreditation(CALEA)

A

Nonprofit organization formed by major law enforcement executives associations to develop standards for police and practice; on request, will review police agencies and award accreditation upon meeting those standards.

34
Q

Lawsuits

A

civil lawsuits authorized by a federal statute against state and local officials and local agencies when citizens have evidence that these officials or agencies have violated their federal constitutional rights.

35
Q

Police duties

A

-Patrol
-police gear
-investigation/detectives
-crime scene investigation
-special ops-school resource officer

36
Q

patrol

A

during patrol police makes themselves visible to make their presence known this deters crime and enables officers to respond quickly to calls

37
Q

police gear

A

 Handgun
 Baton
 Walkie talky
 Amo
 Taser
 Knife
 First aid kit
 Body armor
 Badge

38
Q

Investigation/detectives

A

Detectives are police officers, usually a higher level, who work in plainclothes and investigate crimes that have occurred by questioning witnesses and gathering evidence.

39
Q

crime scene investigations

A

Usually have to work closely with police officers to solve a crime based on the evidence left at the crime scene.

40
Q

special ops-school resource officer

A

police officers who are assigned to schools to assist in order maintenance while also developing positive relationships with students they may also assist in delinquency prevention.

41
Q

special population of officers

A

Police officers in urban situations usually have to deal with more than just regular crime, they deal with MHID, DNA abusers, homeless, and juveniles.

42
Q

reasonable suspicion

A

police officer’s belief (and would be supported by any other reasonable person in that same situation), based on articulated facts, that a person is committing crime

43
Q

stop

A

short pause (less than 1 hour typically) in person’s freedom of movement
-usually, to address someone breaking the law

44
Q

furtive movements

A

o stealthy, sly movements during a stop that aren’t consistent with anything except hiding contraband or reaching for weapon
o criminal like movements

45
Q

search

A

police look for evidence/weapons/ etc on a person, in a car, or residence.

46
Q

Seizure

A

police use their authority to deprive movement or property…(pg 193) (Custody)

47
Q

Plain View Doctrine

A

police can use as evidence, items that are visible to them, as long as the police are legally supposed/allowed to be there

48
Q

Probable Cause

A

reliable info that more than likely (51% and up) evidence will be found or person is guilty of a crime… (pg 196). Needed for warrant, cursory search and arrest

49
Q

4th amendment

A

procedural laws/rules that prevent unreasonable search/seizures.
Also, we are protected by a reasonable expectation of privacy.
excessive use of force also violates 4th amendment

50
Q

Tennessee vs Garner

A

US Supreme Court ruling that police may NOT use deadly force to apprehend a fleeing felon UNLESS necessary to prevent escape AND probable cause exists that felon poses threat of serious bodily injury or death to others

51
Q

Arrests

A

must have higher justification-must have probable cause. that is responsible person would also conclude that offender committed a crime

52
Q

after arrests

A

Test to prove DUI
-Walk a line
-Pupils’ dilatation (eyes twitch while drunk)
-Speech
-Breathalyzer
Taken to hospital for blood test
Get fingerprinted
Spend night in jail or get released
Preliminary hearing

53
Q

warrants 4 elements…

A

-Probable cause
-Police must swear/affirm that evidence written in affidavit is true.
-Specific location
-Describe the person and/or items to be seized.
o Approved by a judge via signature.
o Feds example

54
Q

key terms for warrants

A

probable cause
affidavit
totality of circumstances

55
Q

Other Limits on Police Officers

A

-Questioning Suspects (pg 205)… 5th Amendment applied here
-Must Mirandize (pg 206-209)… right to remain silent, attorney, statement can/will be used against them and if can’t afford attorney, still provided
-Best practice = videotape Miranda warning and/or have suspect sign Miranda form

CRCJ (5 decks)

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