Civilisation Van Parys

Question 1

Pre Historic times

Answer 1

Refers to the era before writing records, as defined by the OED, covering the period from the use of stone tools to the invention of writing.

Question 2

Smaller islands

Answer 2

Orkney - Shetland - Hebrides - Channel Islands - Isle of Man - Isle of Wight

Question 3

Les montagnes les plus connu

Answer 3

Ben Nevis - snowdom

Question 4

Lakes

Answer 4

Loch Lomond - loch Katerine - Windermere - Derwenwater

Question 5

Rivers

Answer 5

Thames - Severn - tweed - tees - Tyne - Avon - axe

Question 6

Last Ice Age

Answer 6

• 12.000 years ago.
• Before it British isles were connected to mainland Europe via Doggerland.
• around 8200 years ago, rising sea levels submerged Doggerland separating Britain from France

Question 7

The oldest evidence of human life in Britain

Answer 7

• Footprint found at Happisburgh dating back — 850 000 BC.
• Inhabitants used flint tools found in Northern Europe.

Question 8

By 10 000, the Ice Age ended …

Answer 8

Early humans in Britain lived as : hunters, gatherers and fishermen
And following Deer herds for survival

Question 9

By 5000 BCE, Britain a fully separated island
Other Animals …

Answer 9

• Woolly mammouth
• hyenas
• sabre toothed cat

Question 10

Paleolithic period

Answer 10

• spiritual beliefs began to develop toward the end.

Question 11

The Mesolithic period

Answer 11

Starting around 8200 years ago. Marked transition from hunting and gathering to domestication with microlith.

Question 12

Neolithic period

Answer 12

• 3000 BC
  Early Britons began to settle in permanent homes, farm crops and make pottery.
  They migrated from Europe and may have come from Iberian peninsula or North Africa.

Question 13

The Bronze Age

Answer 13

1800 BCE
Marked by gold, copper and tin trading, as well as the construction of large borrows

Burial mounds used for important individuals in regions like Wiltshire and Dorset .

Question 14

Def - Proto history

Answer 14

• it is the period between prehistory and recorded history.
• during this time, cultures had no writing systems but other civilisation mentioned them in their records
  There is a time lag between the events happening and being recorded by other cultures

Question 15

In 1136, Geoffrey of Mammouth

Answer 15

Wrote about it in his history of Britain, desurding Stonehenge as a burial site for important people.
Other henges like woodhenge were built across Britain.

Question 16

Around 2400 BC, bluestones

Answer 16

Bluestones were transported to Stonehenge from south wales demonstrating its significance.

Question 17

In Ireland, Newgrange

Answer 17

A Neolithic monument, was built around 3200 BC and is older than both Stonehenge and the Egyptian pyramids.

Question 18

First Britons

Answer 18

• Ethnically mixed group from the caucasoid population of Europe.
• prehistoric Britain had many small tribal societies

Question 19

The celts

Answer 19

• arrived around 700BC, from Central Europe of southern Russia.
• technically advanced in Ironwork and bronze tools.
• controlled lawland Britain and settled in regions like:
  Highland, wales, Scotland, Ireland and Cornwall.
• Celtic language still spoken
• The Celts were organized into tribes with elected or appointed chiefs
• they were highly irgnaized able to defend themselves
  They were successful farmers.

Question 20

Beaker people

Answer 20

• around 2400 BC
• beaker people from Europe arrived in Britain, bringing new customs such as individual graves with Beaker shaped pottery and bronze tools.

Question 21

Arrival of the Belgic Tribes

Answer 21

• lived in northern Gaul and Germanic and lived in northern Gaul, north of Sequana and Matrona rivers
• among these tribes — > Beaker people. They were highly skilled in using working with iron and they introduced advanced ploughing merhods

Question 22

Belgic tribes : the last Celtic tribes to arrive 3rd century BC

Answer 22

• known for building hill forts placed at the top of hills, a fortified refuge surrounded by soil banks or tall mounds and a maze of ditches built to prevent attackers to reach the top of the hill.
• ex: Maiden Castke - in English country of Dorset - Europe largest fill forts

Question 23

Social and economic structure

Answer 23

• the celts traded with Europe and established annual fairs.
• trade with Ireland went through the island of Anglesey
  They controlled importante trade routes like the Thames river, and Firth of Forth
• Celts used — Iron bars utiles they began to copy the Roman coins and had organized markets.

Question 24

The druids

Answer 24

• Highly respected priests who served as healers judges and teachers.
• traditional knowledge was passed by rote (par ❤️)
• The Druids from different tribes all over Britain would meet once a year in sacred groves of trees.
• they hold religions ceremonies in woodland groves and near sacred water such as wells and springs.

Question 25

Druids (part 2 )

Answer 25

Known for practicing human sacrifice as a part of Celtic religion as reported by Roman sources.
- they acted as ambassadors in time of war.

Question 26

The first four kings or known kings

Answer 26

• Aelle of Sussex
• Caewlin of Wessex
• Aethelberht of Kent
• raedwald of east anglia

Question 27

Rois + reign

Answer 27

• Aethelberht of Mercia’s 👑 715 - 757
• Offa 👑 757 - 796
• aethelred’s death - 💀 871
• Alfred the Great 👑 871 - 899
• Edward the Elder 🧓🏻 👑 899 - 924
• Athelstan 👑 924 - 939
• Edmund 👑 939 - 946
• Eadred 👑 946 - 955
• Edgar 👑 955 - 975

Question 28

Danish invasion and kings

Answer 28

• Danish king 👑 : Harold Bluetooth
  Under - Aethelred II (Aethelred the unready )
• danish returned and king Cnut the great 👑 ruled England (1016 - 1035 )