Civilisation Grosclaude Flashcards
Whigs
- Support the rights of the House of Commons and a more tolerant Church.
- they dominate the political scene following the glorious Revolution.
Tories
Favor royal authority and the Church of England. They are linked to the Stuart’s and Jacobitism, keeping them out of power for much of the 18th century.
George I (1714 - 1727)
Cousin of Queen Anne. He ascended to the throne at 54 as the first Hanoverian monarch.
- his rule emphasized loyalty to the Hanoverian succession, a key criterion for government appointments.
He maintained a balance of power between the king, his ministers, and parliament, setting a precedent for the Georgian Era.
Whigs dominance under George I
- The whigs controlled politics with the tories sidelined due to their association with the jacobites.
- The whigs controlled British politics through the early 18th century, but whigs infighting in the 1710s and 1720s prevented them from managing to manipulate the institutions.
The Peerage Bill of 1719
Aimed limit the creation of new noble titles, which would have cemented Whig dominance.
Industrial Revolution (1760 - 1830)
- Key factors for Britain’s rise as a global economic power include the enclosure movement, which concentrated land in the hands of wealthy landlords and increased agricultural productivity.
- inventions such as spinning machines (for textiles) and the steam engine spurred industrialisation.
The percentage of the Workforce in agriculture
Fell dramatically (from 70% to 37% during the 18th century ) feeding labor into the new industrial. Workforce.
railways
-Railways accelerated the spread of goods, with the first line opening between Liverpool and Manchester in 1830.
- by 1870, 25,000 KM of railway tracks were built .
Population Growth
Between 1700 and 1800, the population of Great Britain increased by 69% from 5.5 million to 8.9 million.
The UK’s coal mining
Coal mining output rose from, 6.000 tons in 1780 to 10.000 tons in 1800.
Insecurity and jacobites threat
- the 18th century was marked by insecurity, particularly due to the Jacobite threat. Supporters of James Francis Edward Stuart (the old pretender) attempted to restore the Stuart monarchy.
Jacobite uprisings
Its occurred in 1715 ( in Scotland and England) but were quickly crushed. James III fled, never to return to Scotland.
Balance of power
The period also saw an evolving balance of power between the sovereign and the Houses of Parliament, marking a shift in governance during the Georgian Era.
Alfred the great (899)
Since the 9th century, England has been ruled by a single monarch, beginning with Alfred the great.
William the conqueror
He replaced Saxon rule with Norman control.
