Civil War Test Flashcards
Who had an urban living environment
North
Who had a rural living environment
South
How much goods did the north produce?
$1.5 billion
How much goods did the south produce?
$155 million
What was the population difference between the north and south?
The north was 2.5 times larger
Who had bigger cities and more diverse people?
The north had 9 of 10 biggest cities and many immigrants.
What percent of railroad was in the north?
70%
What did the south rely on for transportation?
The Mississippi River
What were each side’s form of communication?
North-telegraph
South-pony express
What were the similarities of both sides?
They are both capitalist, they are both from the same heritage, both prejudice, and neither side wanted the other to tell them what to do
What is a quote foreshadowing how long the war will be?
By the end of the war, they won’t know what they’re fighting for.
What quote is toward southern hate?
All they have is cotton, slaves, and arrogance.
What are casualties?
Total number of:
- people killed in action
- wounded in action
- missing in action
- prisoners of war
Where was the battle of Manassas fought?
Manassas, Virginia
When did Manassas happen?
July 21, 1861
What were causes of Manassas?
- when the north declared war
- Union feels ready and are prepared
What was Manassas’ incident/action
- South backups by rail, Union had no backup plan
- Town folk are spies for CSA
- Town folk picnic and watch the battle, even bring their kids
- Union retreats through crowd and town and causes panic
What were the effects of Manassas?
- Union’s response of public pressure didn’t work
- organization was key
- sometimes luck is important
Who were the Manassas generals?
McDowell-Union
Beauregard-CSA
Who got his name for standing like a stone wall in Manassas, and helped the CSA to victory
Stonewall Jackson
What were some of the new technology improvements of the war?
- rifling bullets in a straight line
- reloading rifles became quicker
- cannon shells could explode over the enemy in the air
- canister-shells were filled with lead balls
when a weaker army inflicts small but continuous losses of soldiers and material that gradually add up to an unbearable burden for the enemy
War of Attrition
the Union’s plan to blockade the south and cut off its supplies from foreign countries
Anaconda Plan
Where was Shiloh Fought?
Shiloh Church, TN
When was Shiloh fought?
April 6-7, 1862
Who was the Union general in Shiloh?
Grant
What were causes of Shiloh?
-a southern army unexpectedly struck the Union army and nearly took them back to the TN river
What was the incident/action at Shiloh on April 6th?
- Grant refused to give up
- he attacked CSA during the day and whipped them
- Union wanted to retreat, but Grant refused
- CSA at first won, but Grant wanted to attack them at daylight
What was the incident/action at Shiloh on April 7th?
Grant attacks at daylight and Union wins
What were the effects of Shiloh?
- showed northern civilians that the CSA wouldn’t collapse overnight
- prevented south from regaining Western Territory and its river highways
- bloodiest battle ever in US-23k casualties(13k Union, 10k CSA)
After about halfway through the war, what were the Union’s challenges?
-after they passed the draft law, 87k men paid to get out of it, and 74k men replaced them
After about halfway through the war, what were the CSA’s challenges?
- CSA passed a draft law due to lack of resources, and people served for longer
- first draft in US history
Why did Lincoln deny freedom of press to the public temporarily?
He used the army to stop people from criticizing him as President
What other right did Lincoln suspend?
Habeas corpus
What did the Union do in order to get more money for the war?
- made new federal tariff on imports
- also passed internal revenue act of 1862, which created IRS for collecting taxes
- also added national greenback currency
What did the US pass to extend their routes to the west coast?
Pacific Railroad Act of 1862
What did the US pass to let settlers live there to improve land?
Homestead Act of 1862
What was the purpose of Paragraph 1 of the EP?
to free slaves in rebelling states
What was the purpose of Paragraph 2 of the EP?
it describes how to determine if a state is in rebellion if they have representatives in Congress by January 1, 1863
What was the purpose of Paragraph 3 of the EP?
Describes Lincoln’s responsibility to enforce this proclamation (executive power)
What was the purpose of Paragraph 4 of the EP?
says where proclamation will be enforced
What was the purpose of Paragraph 5 of the EP?
Says Lincoln will use military to enforce the proclamation
What was the purpose of Paragraph 6 of the EP?
blacks are advised to refrain from violence and to find a paying job
What was the purpose of Paragraph 7 of the EP?
blacks are accepted into the Union army
What was Lincoln’s purpose to write EP?
To maintain economy of USA to leave slavery alone and to let people know they will lose property by not following the law
When did Lincoln issue the EP?
September 27, 1862
What were the effects of the EP?
- Changed that the war was about slavery and made war a moral issue
- now fighting for people, not politics
- blacks can now fight for themselves
- Southern blacks were freed by Lincoln
Where and when was Antietam fought?
Sharpsburg, MD on September 7, 1862
Who were the generals of each side in Antietam?
Lee-South
McClellan-North
What were causes of Antietam?
- Richmond had been saved by south, so they wanted to conquer the north
- If CSA could keep going, Britain would have helped them
- if CSA successfully invaded the north, they could have won
What was the incident/action at Antietam?
Neither side won a clear victory, just lost lots of soldiers. Just fought to see who was a better commander.
What were Antietam’s effects?
- When Lee lost most of his army, they had to go back to Virginia
- McClellan got replaced by Burnside
- war would become a stalemate after this battle-nobody winning for a while
- -bloodiest day in whole war-23k casualties (6k dead, 17k wounded)
When and where was Vicksburg fought?
Vicksburg, MS and April-July 4, 1863
a military operation which enemy forces surround a town or building, cutting off essential supplies, with the aim of compelling the surrender of those inside
siege
a war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, of the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded
total war
What were the causes of Vicksburg?
Vicksburg was a military necessity for the south, north wanted to cut off this line
What was the incident/action at Vicksburg?
The north surrounded Vicksburg and laid siege for 3 months and waged a total war. Vicksburg surrendered on July 4th.
What were the effects of Vicksburg?
North cut off lines by using new cannons and old siege tracks. Turning point in war-used total war to take out the south
When and where was Gettysburg fought?
July 1-3, 1863 in Gettysburg, PA
Who were the Generals for each side at Gettysburg?
Lee-South
Meade-North
What were causes of Gettysburg?
- Lee wanted to split Union army so he moved it north
- Meade heard reports Lee’s army was there so he moved his men into Gettysburg.
What was the incident/action of Gettysburg?
July 1-Lee pushes Union into defensive position at Cemetery Ridge
July 2-Lee tries to capture high ground, but he fails and is outnumbered at Little Round Top
July 3-Pickett’s charge-hand to hand combat, last offensive move for the south in the war
What were the effects of Gettysburg?
- Union victory, bloodiest battle of civil war (51k casualties-23k USA, 28k CSA)
- CSA gets pushed back to Virginia and must defend
- it was now about Democracy
Where and When did Sherman’s march happen?
Atlanta to Savannah, GA in November-December, 1864
What were causes of Sherman’s march?
-to make people so sick of war that generation would pass before they would appeal to it
What was the action of Sherman’s march?
It was total war and they burnt a 60-mile wide path from Atlanta to Savannah, destroyed state of Georgia
How did the Election of 1864 turn out?
Lincoln won with 212/233 electoral votes, which showed support for war once again
When and where was the Siege at Petersburg?
Petersburg, VA in June 1864-March 1865
What were causes of Petersburg?
Grant stopped the south of the Confederate capitol-Richmond, VA
What was the incident/action at Petersburg?
The Union successfully cut off supplies to Lee’s army and 50% of southern soldiers desert halfway through the battle
What were the effects of Petersburg?
Lee summons Grant to discuss surrender
Where and when did Lee surrender?
April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Courthouse, VA
What were the final casualty count at the end of the war?
360k Union dead
258k CSA dead
618k Total dead
Which new Amendment banned slavery?
13th
Which new Amendment stated you cannot deny citizenship based on race?
14th
Which new Amendment stated you can’t deny suffrage based on race?
15th
When and where was Lincoln assassinated?
April 14, 1865 at Ford’s Theater
Who was his assassin?
John Wilkes Booth
When was the 13th Amendment passed and ratified?
February and December 1865
When did Lincoln take oath to his 2nd term?
January 1865
