Civil War and Reconstruction

Question 1

States Rights (10)

Answer 1

South said there is nothing in the constitution that says you can’t succeed
Limits to what a state can do
Says a state can do as it wants but there are limits
You can’t leave or own slaves
Cotton was the money making crop
Cash crop
Very hard to get (a lot of labor)
South wanted to secede because they wanted slavery
secede= to break away

Question 2

3 types of states

Answer 2

Red is the confederate states
Blue is the union states
Light blue is the border states
Grey is the uncommitted territories

Question 3

Strengths and Weaknesses (1861-1865)

Answer 3

North had more (a lot more)
Money
Men 
Machines
Military
The strengths of the north were all of the weaknesses of the south
The south's strength is that they did the war on their home turf
Had more heart into it
New the land
Fought harder
South had more and better military leaders
Leadership is everything
Had a lot of military schools

Question 4

Robert E. Lee

Answer 4

Southerner
Great soldier
Thought of as super human
Won so many battles
Couldn’t be defeated
People thought he would be the president of the confederacy
South loved him, general the whole war
He was asked by Lincoln to fight for the north
Said no he was fighting for Virginia (the south)
Number one student at West Point and then became the principle
Didn’t mind slavery
Thought African Americans were inferior
Big time racist
He was a backward thinker, he did not want to move forward with African Americans

Question 5

The Battle of Bull Run

Answer 5

First battle of the civil war
Also called The Battle of Manassas
Given two names
Souths name and norths name
North thought they would crush the south in 2 days so they didn’t take it seriously
People from Washington came to “watch the battle”
Picnicked to watch
South won the battle and started to walk towards Washington
They didn’t end up taking over Washington
Northern soldiers panicked and ran
Embarrassing
People realized that this war would be longer and harder than they thought
South sometimes fought harder and better than the North, so it was not an easy battle like everyone thought to begin with

Question 6

The Anaconda Plan

Answer 6

North can’t find a leader
First leader for North: General Scott
Said we need to surround the South like a snake
Use the Navy to make sure nothing could come in and out
Use soldiers to march in from the North
Slowly squeeze the South to death by starving them
North won

Question 7

Copperheads

Answer 7

People up North who wanted no part of this war
Poisoning the war effort
Believed it was a waste of time and money
Northerners against the war

Question 8

Merrimack vs. Monitor

Answer 8

Size of a soccer field
Both sides thought that if they got this big iron boat they would win the war
You could just ram a wooden boat sinking it while you stay afloat

Question 9

Antietam

Answer 9

North won this battle
Fought in Western MD
One of the biggest battles of the war
Bloodiest day of the Civil War than any other day

Question 10

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 10

The freeing of slaves in rebelling states
Initial plan for starting this war was to glue this country together
Plan B was to free the slaves
Wanted to wait for a win before making this announcement
Nobody was really freed

Question 11

NY Draft Riots

Answer 11

Drafted into the war- recieve a letter demanding you to fight in the war so you either show up or go to jail
You could get out of fighting if you paid $300
Rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight
Anger over this law blew up into a riot- burning, looting, shooting
Morphed into a race riot

Question 12

Battle of Gettysburg

Answer 12

Bloodiest battle 
July of 1863 
Lasted for 3 days
Turning point of the war-had the South won this battle they might have won the war
South surrendered

Question 13

Battle of Vicksburg

Answer 13

Gettysburg and Vicksburg were the one-two punches
Happened the same week, technically Vicksburg a day after-early July
Vicksburg, Mississippi
Trying to get into the town at the top of the hill to take control of the Mississippi river
North starts charging and they all get killed
Grant calls it mini-anaconda= wanted to slowly surround it nothing in nothing out
South surrendered

Question 14

The 54th MA

Answer 14

First black regiment
About a thousand soldiers in a regiment
Black soldiers would panic and were incapable of fighting a real fight
Racial stereotype= good for cooking and cleaning, not good for fighting
Nobody fought better or stronger than the African American soldiers
They’ve got more in this fight more than anyone else- put their heart and soul into
Am I gonna be a slave again? What will happen to my family?

Question 15

Fort Wagner, SC

Answer 15

Lincoln gave a lot of credit to the black regiments that they helped win the war
Empirical evidence that African Americans could fight
Nothing worse for Southerners than seeing a freed slave dressed in blue

Question 16

Andersonville

Answer 16

Southern prison in Georgia for Northern POWs
Subject to brutal torture
No food or medical attention
North went nuts and hung all the Southern leaders of this camp
Called war crimes which result in the death penalty or long prison sentences

Question 17

The Gettysburg Address

Answer 17

Bloodiest battle itself
Of the people, by the people, and for the people
A bunch of big shots decided that four months after the battle to head towards the town and give a bunch of speeches to show respect and appreciation for all the dead soldiers
Guy before Lincoln spoke for two hours and Lincoln spoke for 2 min
Essence- we are here to thank the soldiers for two reasons
1st reason they are saving the Union and the country
2nd reason they saved democracy

Question 18

General Grant and a War of Attrition

Answer 18

Leader of the North/Union
Lincoln had a big problem and he was the solution	
Couldn’t find the right General
A butcher, a buzz saw
No mercy
Loads of military experience

Question 19

Sherman’s March

Answer 19

Made Grant look like a sissy
Fighting for the North
Grant hired him to finish off the South
South claims he didn’t have to totally destroy the South
Did it because he wanted to not because he had to “we were already gonna lose”
Sherman said he had to do it to teach the South a lesson and make sure they would never revolt again

Question 20

Appomattox Court House

Answer 20

In Virginia
April 1865
Leigh is signing a peace treaty with Grant surrendering
Let Leigh go instead of shooting him

Question 21

The 13th Amendment

Answer 21

New justice
Instituted amendments protecting African Americans
Rules don’t work unless you enforce them
Amendment stated that nobody is going to be enslaved in the United States of America

Question 22

John Wilkes Booth

Answer 22

Southerner who never accepted that the war was over
Assassinated Lincoln
Radical Confederate
Week after shooting Lincoln he was shot

Question 23

Modern Secession

Answer 23

No one ever actually does it

Before Obama was elected the Governor of Texas threatened to secede

Question 24

Reconstruction (1865-1877)

Answer 24

Rebuilding the country after the War
South is not very cooperative
Not gonna go smoothly

Question 25

Statistics to know

Answer 25

11 states took off in 1860 to start their own country
1861-1865
620,000 killed on both sides
Four million freed

Question 26

Radical Republicans

Answer 26

Northerners who feel the South need to be punished

Abolitionists before the war and anti-South after the war

Question 27

Lincoln’s Pardon

Answer 27

Lincoln wanted to forgive and forget
A moderate, mellow Republican not a radical Republican
Disagreement between his own party on how to handle the South

Question 28

President Johnson 1865

Answer 28

Republican but radical Republicans hated him
Born and raised in the South, Tennessee
Wanted to totally forgive everyone down South
Alcoholic- had a habit of giving speeches drunk

Question 29

Freedman’s Bureau

Answer 29

What do you do with all these free slaves?
Can’t teach them to read or write
No jobs
North created it
Educates the youth- how to read and write
Gives adults job training and advice on how to get your life on track
A program started by the North to jumpstart their lives

Question 30

Black Codes 1865

Answer 30

Jim Crow
Every Southern state puts up signs separating whites and blacks
Superior white South
Inferior black South

Question 31

The KKK 1866

Answer 31

If we can’t enslave them we can treat them like dirt
Tennessee the KKK is born
Only goal is to terrify African Americans so much that they would not dare ask for justice
Successful
Motto: The South Will Rise Again
Supposed to be the ghosts of every Confederate soldier hence the all white costume

Question 32

The Civil Rights Acts of 1865 and 1875

Answer 32

North passes anti-Jim Crow anti-KKK laws
Tennis match between the N and the S during Reconstruction
All talk, writing on a piece of paper is useless if it is not enforced

Question 33

The Military Reconstruction Act 1867

Answer 33

The walk to the talk of the Civil Rights Acts
South wasn’t cooperating so the North re-invaded the South with soldiers like policemen
Broke the South into five puzzle pieces
Each puzzle piece was a military district
Each district had a General
Each General had thousands of soldiers acting as policemen making sure the KKK was not running the South
KKK didn’t disappear but they went into hiding, racism didn’t go away but the Jim Crow signs were taken down

Question 34

14th Amendment 1868

Answer 34

Stated that it doesn’t matter who you are as long as you’re a US citizen you must be treated equally under the law

Question 35

The Tenure Act 1868

Answer 35

If you’re impeached you are sent to trial
Andrew Johnson was saved by one vote
His own party wanted to impeach him
Pro-South from the South so the Radical Republicans hated him
Violated the Tenure of Office Act that says if you’re the president and you wanna fire a government official, you need to get the OK of the Senate
Johnson fired a government official without the Senate’s permission
If the Senate had liked Johnson they would have let it slide but they hated him

Question 36

15th Amendment 1870

Answer 36

Black men were given the right to vote

People thought everything was going to workout

Question 37

Compromise of 1877

Answer 37

Reconstruction ended with this Compromise
Very bad news for African Americans
1876 election was a mess, both parties were accused of cheating
South said “you can have your president, Rutherford B. Hayes, if you get rid of Reconstruction” and the North agreed

Question 38

What about 40 acres and a mule?

Answer 38

“Still waiting for my 40 acres and a mule”
At the end of the Civil War many people saw thousands of freed slaves who had nothing
Radical Republicans said they were gonna give every African American 40 acres and a mule as reparations for slavery
Take land away from the ex-slave owners for the ex-slave
Formal written down order
Andrew Johnson vetoed it and it never happened

Question 39

Sharecropping and Debt Peonage

Answer 39

Ex-slaves went to their ex-masters plantation and asked if they could borrow some of their land
Former slave owners said yes but you have to give me a portion of your crops
Ex-slaves borrowed money for tools or a mule from a white man
The rule was you couldn’t leave the plantation until you paid them back

Question 40

Jim Crow

Answer 40

Black codes
Signs go up all over the place
Two Souths- inferior blacks and superior whites

Question 41

Lynching

Answer 41

Fear that if you spoke up for justice you would be hung from a tree or sent floating down a river
Lynching means death by mobs